作者:沈鑫 原创作品转载请注明出处
《Linux内核分析》MOOC课程http://mooc.study.163.com/course/USTC-1000029000
首先是mypcb.h,这里主要定义了两个结构体分别用于表示Thread 和 PCB
/*
* linux/mykernel/mypcb.h
*
* Kernel internal PCB types
*
* Copyright (C) 2013 Mengning
*
*/
#define MAX_TASK_NUM 4
#define KERNEL_STACK_SIZE 1024*8
/* CPU-specific state of this task */
struct Thread {
unsigned long ip;
unsigned long sp;
};
typedef struct PCB{
int pid;
volatile long state; /* -1 unrunnable, 0 runnable, >0 stopped */
char stack[KERNEL_STACK_SIZE];
/* CPU-specific state of this task */
struct Thread thread;
unsigned long task_entry;
struct PCB *next;
}tPCB;
void my_schedule(void);
然后是myiinterrupt.c
/*
* linux/mykernel/myinterrupt.c
*
* Kernel internal my_timer_handler
*
* Copyright (C) 2013 Mengning
*
*/
#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/string.h>
#include <linux/ctype.h>
#include <linux/tty.h>
#include <linux/vmalloc.h>
#include "mypcb.h"
extern tPCB task[MAX_TASK_NUM];
extern tPCB * my_current_task;
extern volatile int my_need_sched;
volatile int time_count = 0;
/*
* Called by timer interrupt.
* it runs in the name of current running process,
* so it use kernel stack of current running process
*/
//这里是时间控制程序,定义多长时间更换一下进程状态
void my_timer_handler(void)
{
#if 1
if(time_count%1000 == 0 && my_need_sched != 1) //这里这设置的是进程的运行时间
{
printk(KERN_NOTICE ">>>my_timer_handler here<<<\n");
my_need_sched = 1;
}
time_count ++ ;
#endif
return;
}
void my_schedule(void)
{
tPCB * next;
tPCB * prev;
if(my_current_task == NULL
|| my_current_task->next == NULL)
{
return;
}
printk(KERN_NOTICE ">>>my_schedule<<<\n");
/* schedule */
next = my_current_task->next;
prev = my_current_task;
if(next->state == 0)/* -1 unrunnable, 0 runnable, >0 stopped */
{
/* switch to next process */
//这段嵌入式汇编实现了当前进程状态的保存,以及跳转到下一进程
asm volatile(
"pushl %%ebp\n\t" /* save ebp */
"movl %%esp,%0\n\t" /* save esp */
"movl %2,%%esp\n\t" /* restore esp */
"movl $1f,%1\n\t" /* save eip */
"pushl %3\n\t"
"ret\n\t" /* restore eip */
"1:\t" /* next process start here */
"popl %%ebp\n\t"
: "=m" (prev->thread.sp),"=m" (prev->thread.ip)
: "m" (next->thread.sp),"m" (next->thread.ip)
);
my_current_task = next;
printk(KERN_NOTICE ">>>switch %d to %d<<<\n",prev->pid,next->pid);
}
else //当CPU中只有一个进程的时候,程序会执行到这个位置
{
next->state = 0;
my_current_task = next;
printk(KERN_NOTICE ">>>switch %d to %d<<<\n",prev->pid,next->pid);
/* switch to new process */
//这段嵌入式汇编实现了当前进程状态的保存,以及跳转到下一进程
asm volatile(
"pushl %%ebp\n\t" /* save ebp */
"movl %%esp,%0\n\t" /* save esp */
"movl %2,%%esp\n\t" /* restore esp */
"movl %2,%%ebp\n\t" /* restore ebp */
"movl $1f,%1\n\t" /* save eip */
"pushl %3\n\t"
"ret\n\t" /* restore eip */
: "=m" (prev->thread.sp),"=m" (prev->thread.ip)
: "m" (next->thread.sp),"m" (next->thread.ip)
);
}
return;
}
最后是mymain.c
/*
* linux/mykernel/mymain.c
*
* Kernel internal my_start_kernel
*
* Copyright (C) 2013 Mengning
*
*/
#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/string.h>
#include <linux/ctype.h>
#include <linux/tty.h>
#include <linux/vmalloc.h>
#include "mypcb.h"
tPCB task[MAX_TASK_NUM]; //这里定义了最大任务数量,也就是4
tPCB * my_current_task = NULL; //这个指针指向当前任务
volatile int my_need_sched = 0; //控制进程状态
void my_process(void);
void __init my_start_kernel(void)
{
//最开始内核中是没有任务的,这里对第一个任务进行处理
int pid = 0;
int i;
/* Initialize process 0*/
task[pid].pid = pid;
task[pid].state = 0;/* -1 unrunnable, **0 runnable**, >0 stopped */
//第一个任务的入口地址就是my_process方法的入口地址
task[pid].task_entry = task[pid].thread.ip = (unsigned long)my_process;
//设置第一个任务的占空间
task[pid].thread.sp = (unsigned long)&task[pid].stack[KERNEL_STACK_SIZE-1];
task[pid].next = &task[pid]; //此时系统中只有当前一个任务,所以next指向的地址就是自身的地址
/*fork more process */
//生成MAX_TASK-1个新的进程
for(i=1;i<MAX_TASK_NUM;i++)
{
memcpy(&task[i],&task[0],sizeof(tPCB)); //新的进程的进程空间与0号进程相同
//接下来几句是对进程进行初始化
task[i].pid = i;
task[i].state = -1; //state == -1,表明当前进程不可执行
task[i].thread.sp = (unsigned long)&task[i].stack[KERNEL_STACK_SIZE-1];
//让当前进程的下一个进程指向第0号进程,因为第0号进程最初指向的是自己
task[i].next = task[i-1].next;
//上一个进程指向的是当前进程
task[i-1].next = &task[i];
}
/* start process 0 by task[0] */
pid = 0;
my_current_task = &task[pid]; //从第0号进程开始
//这里是嵌入式汇编
asm volatile(
"movl %1,%%esp\n\t" /* set task[pid].thread.sp to esp */
"pushl %1\n\t" /* push ebp */
//这里将task[pid].thread.ip入栈,在ret的时候就能进入这个入栈的进程
"pushl %0\n\t" /* push task[pid].thread.ip */
"ret\n\t" /* pop task[pid].thread.ip to eip */
"popl %%ebp\n\t"
:
: "c" (task[pid].thread.ip),"d" (task[pid].thread.sp) /* input c or d mean %ecx/%edx*/
);
}
void my_process(void)
{
int i = 0;
while(1)
{
i++;
if(i%100000000 == 0) //这里是设置时间片的大小,设置大一些方便看
{
printk(KERN_NOTICE "this is process %d -\n",my_current_task->pid);
if(my_need_sched == 1)
{
my_need_sched = 0; //当这个状态为0时,才可以进行进程的切换
my_schedule();
}
printk(KERN_NOTICE "this is process %d +\n",my_current_task->pid);
}
}
}
对进程的分析:
1、CPU首先通过这个方法创建了第一个进程,并对进程进行了初始化工作
void __init my_start_kernel(void)
{
int pid = 0;
int i;
/* Initialize process 0*/
task[pid].pid = pid;
task[pid].state = 0;/* -1 unrunnable, 0 runnable, >0 stopped */
task[pid].task_entry = task[pid].thread.ip = (unsigned long)my_process;
task[pid].thread.sp = (unsigned long)&task[pid].stack[KERNEL_STACK_SIZE-1];
task[pid].next = &task[pid];
/*fork more process */
for(i=1;i<MAX_TASK_NUM;i++)
{
memcpy(&task[i],&task[0],sizeof(tPCB));
task[i].pid = i;
task[i].state = -1;
task[i].thread.sp = (unsigned long)&task[i].stack[KERNEL_STACK_SIZE-1];
task[i].next = task[i-1].next;
task[i-1].next = &task[i];
}
/* start process 0 by task[0] */
pid = 0;
my_current_task = &task[pid];
asm volatile(
"movl %1,%%esp\n\t" /* set task[pid].thread.sp to esp */
"pushl %1\n\t" /* push ebp */
"pushl %0\n\t" /* push task[pid].thread.ip */
"ret\n\t" /* pop task[pid].thread.ip to eip */
"popl %%ebp\n\t"
:
: "c" (task[pid].thread.ip),"d" (task[pid].thread.sp) /* input c or d mean %ecx/%edx*/
);
}
2、这段程序创建了多个进程,并对进程进行了初始化
/*fork more process */
for(i=1;i<MAX_TASK_NUM;i++)
{
memcpy(&task[i],&task[0],sizeof(tPCB));
task[i].pid = i;
task[i].state = -1;
task[i].thread.sp = (unsigned long)&task[i].stack[KERNEL_STACK_SIZE-1];
task[i].next = task[i-1].next;
task[i-1].next = &task[i];
}
3、由于第一个进程的入口地址被指向了my_process方法,所以从第一个进程开始便开始执行my_process方法
task[pid].task_entry = task[pid].thread.ip = (unsigned long)my_process;
4、my_process方法中对my_need_sched 的状态进行了修改,使得CPU能够执行到my_timer_handler方法中的printk方法;
并且调用了my_schedule()方法,更新了进程表
my_need_sched = 0;
my_schedule();
5、当内核中只有一个进程时,首先执行的是else这段代码,但当内核中不止一个进程时,就不会在进入else这段代码了。
else
{
next->state = 0;
my_current_task = next;
printk(KERN_NOTICE ">>>switch %d to %d<<<\n",prev->pid,next->pid);
/* switch to new process */
asm volatile(
"pushl %%ebp\n\t" /* save ebp */
"movl %%esp,%0\n\t" /* save esp */
"movl %2,%%esp\n\t" /* restore esp */
"movl %2,%%ebp\n\t" /* restore ebp */
"movl $1f,%1\n\t" /* save eip */
"pushl %3\n\t"
"ret\n\t" /* restore eip */
: "=m" (prev->thread.sp),"=m" (prev->thread.ip)
: "m" (next->thread.sp),"m" (next->thread.ip)
);
}
6、下面我们来分析一下里面的汇编代码。
“movl $1f,%1\n\t”实际是将下一个进程的地址赋给下一个进程的eip,
在”pushl %3\n\t”之后将这个eip压栈,所以执行接下来的”ret\n\t”
语句之后就跳转到了下一个进程的入口地址,也就是标号1的位置。
/* switch to next process */
asm volatile(
"pushl %%ebp\n\t" /* save ebp */
"movl %%esp,%0\n\t" /* save esp */
"movl %2,%%esp\n\t" /* restore esp */
"movl $1f,%1\n\t" /* save eip */
"pushl %3\n\t"
"ret\n\t" /* restore eip */
"1:\t" /* next process start here */
"popl %%ebp\n\t"
: "=m" (prev->thread.sp),"=m" (prev->thread.ip)
: "m" (next->thread.sp),"m" (next->thread.ip)
);
7、由于在my_start_kernel中对进程表进行初始化时使用的是如下方法,所以进程之间形成了一循环,
也就是0->1->2->3->0。
//让当前进程的下一个进程指向第0号进程,因为第0号进程最初指向的是自己
task[i].next = task[i-1].next;
//上一个进程指向的是当前进程
task[i-1].next = &task[i];
总结:
在时间片轮转调度中,所有进程在进程表中形成了一个有向的循环,这样就能实现循环调度了。
next->thread.ip指向的既是当前进程的下一个进程的入口地址,也是下一个进程的当前进程
的入口地址。