<<C++程序设计原理与实践>>粗读--chapter3 chapter4 Chapter5

本身是不应该关注语法细节的.

________________________________Chapter 3____________________________

    ① bool型在C中有(那个标准开始的忘了,C primer plus中有),在C++中更有.

    ② 字符串的终止会被空白符终止, 空白符:Tab,换行,空格.其实都是空格的一种形式.

    ③ 初值的赋予注意:eg string first_name = "???";  String 类型应该是对C语言中用数组来表示字符串的改进吧.

    ④ String用法远比C中舒服.可以加但是不可以减  还可以直接比较时候相等.

    ⑤ >>  和 << 运算符的应用.  S>>X 从S读取到X.

    ⑥ 终止输入符号: Control + Z 然后按 Enter. 在Linux中的 Control + D 

    ⑦命名的开始下划线最好不用.

    ⑧再次强调定义时初始化.

    ⑨对于类型转换的安全性. 在嵌入式编程中很重要的一点,.很多时候总是用unsigned,但是需要注意范围.

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下面则是引用http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/string/string/中的string中参考

string

class

<string>

String class

String objects are a special type of container, specifically designed to operate with sequences of characters.

Unlike traditional c-strings, which are mere sequences of characters in a memory array, C++ string objects belong to a class with many built-in features to operate with strings in a more intuitive way and with some additional useful features common to C++ containers.

The  string class is an instantiation of the  basic_string class template, defined in  <string> as:
typedef basic_string<char> string;  

Member functions

(constructor)

Construct string object (constructor member )

operator=

String assignment (public member function)

Iterators :

begin

Return iterator to beginning (public member function)

end	Return iterator to end (public member function)

rbegin

Return reverse iterator to reverse beginning (public member function)

rend	Return reverse iterator to reverse end (public member function)

Capacity :

size	Return length of string (public member function)

length

Return length of string (public member function)

max_size

Return maximum size of string (public member function)

resize

Resize string (public member function)

capacity

Return size of allocated storage (public member function)

reserve

Request a change in capacity (public member function)

clear

Clear string (public member function)

empty

Test if string is empty (public member function)

Element access :

operator[]

Get character in string (public member function)

at	Get character in string (public member function)

Modifiers :

operator+=

Append to string (public member function)

append

Append to string (public member function)

push_back

Append character to string (public member function)

assign

Assign content to string (public member function )

insert

Insert into string (public member function )

erase

Erase characters from string (public member function)

replace

Replace part of string (public member function )

swap	Swap contents with another string (public member function)

String operations :

c_str

Get C string equivalent (public member function )

data	Get string data (public member function)

get_allocator

Get allocator (public member function)

copy	Copy sequence of characters from string (public member function)

find	Find content in string (public member function)

rfind

Find last occurrence of content in string (public member function)

find_first_of

Find character in string (public member function)

find_last_of

Find character in string from the end (public member function)

find_first_not_of

Find absence of character in string

find_last_not_of

Find absence of character in string from the end (public member function)

substr

Generate substring (public member function)

compare

Compare strings (public member function )

_____________________________Chapter 4_____________________________________

    ① vector算是对C中数组的改进? vector<int>v(6),居然和数组一样用法v[2].

    ② 显然vector应该是class,有内部成员: 

                 push_back这个成员真好,不像C中那样不可以追加.

                 vector<int>V  其size成员在初始化时是0.

                begin和end成员也不错.....

         看来这个确实比C舒服.

   ③sort排序

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__________________________________Chapter 5________________________________

 ★ 以前学语言都是直接边学习边编写程序的,在编译运行的时候才去分析错误IDE或工具链给出的错误和警告,在这本书中直接用一个章节来写

      在程序编译链接运行时有可能出现的错误,以及不同类型的错误.

 

★ 最为难以解决的应该是运行时错误: 

   最经典的其一是 除数为0,当我们的除以的变量有可能为0时,可能会忘记将其判断一下在处理.

★ 从调用者必须检查参数到方式必须检查参数, 需要编写函数的作者对传入参数进行检查.经典的是 if(p == NULL) return EXIT_FAILURE;

★ 异常处理try{} catch{},C语言中的异常处理用的是实现goto的longjmp()和setjmp() ,当然Linux内核中的错误处理直接就是用goto来完成.[参考书本Linux Device Drivers 3e, Page37 ]

★ 调试.记得在<<C语言深度解剖>>里面作者说不要使用printf来查看变量而是应该看Memory或者调试.说得多好.其实开始学编程就该如此学习.而不是来不来习惯用Printf

     

___________________________________自己的想法_______________________________________

开始学编程的时候就该慢慢的一点点学会使用PC-Lint 然后在开始的每一个章节后面加上一些编程规范(当然这个有利有弊了,会限制风格,但是总体利大于弊)