309. Best Time to Buy and Sell Stock with Cooldown
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- Difficulty: Medium
- Contributor: LeetCode
Say you have an array for which the ith element is the price of a given stock on day i.
Design an algorithm to find the maximum profit. You may complete as many transactions as you like (ie, buy one and sell one share of the stock multiple times) with the following restrictions:
- You may not engage in multiple transactions at the same time (ie, you must sell the stock before you buy again).
- After you sell your stock, you cannot buy stock on next day. (ie, cooldown 1 day)
分析:
考虑用动态规划法解决问题,因为当前日期买卖股票的行为会受到之前日期买卖股票行为影响。
对一天的状态有:buy买入,sell卖出,cooldown冷却。
但是对于这一天是否持股只有两种状态:持股状态(buy),没有持股状态(sell,cooldown)。
对于当天持股状态时,至当天的为止的最大利润有两种可能:1、今天没有买入,跟昨天持股状态一样;2、今天买入,昨天是冷却期,利润是前天卖出股票时候得到的利润减去今天股票的价钱。 二者取最大值。
对于当天未持股状态,至当天为止的最大利润有两种可能:1、今天没有卖出,跟昨天未持股状态一样;2、昨天持有股票,今天卖出了,利润是昨天持有股票时候的利润加上今天股票的价钱。 二者取最大值。
直至最后一天的状态应该是卖出状态。最终利润为sell[n-1];
状态转移方程:
sell[i] = max(sell[i-1], buy[i-1] + price[i]);
buy[i] = max(buy[i-1], sell[i-2] - price[i]);
这是搬用自某大神博客的一段话,茅塞顿开,分析的时候直接按每天的状态来分析,一刀切入要害,之后的择优方法也就水到渠成,代码如下
class Solution {
public:
int maxProfit(vector<int>& prices) {
vector<int> buy(prices.size());
vector<int> sell(prices.size());
if (prices.size() == 0)
{
return 0;
}
if (prices.size() == 2)
{
return prices[0] > prices[1] ? 0 : prices[1] - prices[0];
}
buy[0] = -prices[0];
buy[1] = max(-prices[0], -prices[1]);
sell[0] = 0;
sell[1] = max(0, prices[1] - prices[0]);
for (int i = 2; i < prices.size(); ++i)
{
buy[i] = max(buy[i-1], max(sell[i-2] - prices[i],sell[i-1]));
sell[i] = max(sell[i-1], buy[i-1] + prices[i]);
}
return sell[prices.size() - 1];
}
};
感想:对于状态转移方程,第一个要明白都有什么状态,这个要根据题意来结合条件分析,这是基础,接下来的方程建立则是在状态分析的基础上通过上一步的状态得出这一步的状态,先建立,再联系,精髓!!