本文探讨了Hadoop MapReduce作业中常见的故障，包括历史作业管理器的使用、集群性能瓶颈以及作业失败的具体原因。提供了故障排查步骤及优化建议，帮助提升作业执行效率。
14/04/04 17:15:12 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 0% reduce 0%14/04/04 17:19:42 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 41% reduce 0%14/04/04 17:19:53 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 64% reduce 0%14/04/04 17:19:55 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 52% reduce 0%14/04/04 17:19:57 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 25% reduce 0%14/04/04 17:20:00 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 36% reduce 0%14/04/04 17:20:00 INFO mapreduce.Job: Task Id : attempt_1396530865591_0003_m_000011_0, Status : FAILED14/04/04 17:20:05 INFO mapreduce.Job: Task Id : attempt_1396530865591_0003_m_000012_0, Status : FAILED14/04/04 17:20:05 INFO mapreduce.Job: Task Id : attempt_1396530865591_0003_m_000014_0, Status : FAILED14/04/04 17:20:05 INFO mapreduce.Job: Task Id : attempt_1396530865591_0003_m_000015_0, Status : FAILED14/04/04 17:20:05 INFO mapreduce.Job: Task Id : attempt_1396530865591_0003_m_000008_0, Status : FAILED14/04/04 17:20:05 INFO mapreduce.Job: Task Id : attempt_1396530865591_0003_m_000005_0, Status : FAILED14/04/04 17:20:05 INFO mapreduce.Job: Task Id : attempt_1396530865591_0003_m_000004_0, Status : FAILED14/04/04 17:20:05 INFO mapreduce.Job: Task Id : attempt_1396530865591_0003_m_000007_0, Status : FAILED14/04/04 17:20:05 INFO mapreduce.Job: Task Id : attempt_1396530865591_0003_m_000006_0, Status : FAILED14/04/04 17:20:06 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 47% reduce 0%14/04/04 17:20:16 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 48% reduce 0%14/04/04 17:20:46 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 50% reduce 0%14/04/04 17:20:47 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 52% reduce 0%14/04/04 17:20:49 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 53% reduce 0%14/04/04 17:21:21 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 55% reduce 0%14/04/04 17:21:25 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 56% reduce 0%14/04/04 17:21:26 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 59% reduce 0%14/04/04 17:26:20 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 62% reduce 0%14/04/04 17:26:32 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 67% reduce 0%14/04/04 17:26:44 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 68% reduce 0%14/04/04 17:27:10 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 70% reduce 0%14/04/04 17:27:30 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 71% reduce 0%14/04/04 17:27:52 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 74% reduce 2%14/04/04 17:27:57 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 75% reduce 2%14/04/04 17:27:59 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 79% reduce 2%14/04/04 17:28:01 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 80% reduce 2%14/04/04 17:28:02 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 81% reduce 2%14/04/04 17:28:05 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 83% reduce 2%14/04/04 17:28:17 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 84% reduce 2%14/04/04 17:28:26 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 84% reduce 3%14/04/04 17:28:29 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 85% reduce 3%14/04/04 17:28:38 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 85% reduce 5%14/04/04 17:28:52 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 86% reduce 5%14/04/04 17:29:00 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 88% reduce 5%14/04/04 17:29:12 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 89% reduce 5%14/04/04 17:29:22 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 90% reduce 5%14/04/04 17:29:29 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 91% reduce 5%14/04/04 17:29:37 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 92% reduce 5%14/04/04 17:29:45 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 93% reduce 5%14/04/04 17:29:56 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 94% reduce 6%14/04/04 17:30:00 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 95% reduce 6%14/04/04 17:30:01 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 95% reduce 8%14/04/04 17:30:10 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 97% reduce 8%14/04/04 17:30:16 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 97% reduce 11%14/04/04 17:30:23 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 98% reduce 11%14/04/04 17:30:37 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 98% reduce 12%14/04/04 17:30:55 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 98% reduce 17%14/04/04 17:30:58 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 98% reduce 20%14/04/04 17:31:04 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 98% reduce 21%14/04/04 17:31:07 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 98% reduce 26%14/04/04 17:31:10 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 98% reduce 32%14/04/04 17:31:13 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 100% reduce 32%14/04/04 17:31:19 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 100% reduce 38%14/04/04 17:31:22 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 100% reduce 49%14/04/04 17:31:25 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 100% reduce 67%14/04/04 17:31:31 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 100% reduce 68%14/04/04 17:31:34 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 100% reduce 70%14/04/04 17:31:37 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 100% reduce 71%14/04/04 17:31:40 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 100% reduce 73%14/04/04 17:31:44 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 100% reduce 75%14/04/04 17:31:47 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 100% reduce 77%14/04/04 17:31:50 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 100% reduce 78%14/04/04 17:31:53 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 100% reduce 80%14/04/04 17:31:56 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 100% reduce 82%14/04/04 17:31:58 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 100% reduce 84%14/04/04 17:32:01 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 100% reduce 85%14/04/04 17:32:04 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 100% reduce 87%14/04/04 17:32:07 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 100% reduce 89%14/04/04 17:32:10 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 100% reduce 91%14/04/04 17:32:13 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 100% reduce 93%14/04/04 17:32:16 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 100% reduce 95%14/04/04 17:32:19 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 100% reduce 96%14/04/04 17:32:22 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 100% reduce 98%14/04/04 17:32:25 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 100% reduce 100%14/04/04 17:32:34 INFO mapred.ClientServiceDelegate: Application state is completed. FinalApplicationStatus=SUCCEEDED. Redirecting to job history server14/04/04 17:32:35 INFO ipc.Client: Retrying connect to server: 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0:10020. Already tried 0 time(s); retry policy is RetryUpToMaximumCountWithFixedSleep(maxRetries=10, sleepTime=1 SECONDS)14/04/04 17:32:36 INFO ipc.Client: Retrying connect to server: 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0:10020. Already tried 1 time(s); retry policy is RetryUpToMaximumCountWithFixedSleep(maxRetries=10, sleepTime=1 SECONDS)14/04/04 17:32:37 INFO ipc.Client: Retrying connect to server: 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0:10020. Already tried 2 time(s); retry policy is RetryUpToMaximumCountWithFixedSleep(maxRetries=10, sleepTime=1 SECONDS)14/04/04 17:32:38 INFO ipc.Client: Retrying connect to server: 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0:10020. Already tried 3 time(s); retry policy is RetryUpToMaximumCountWithFixedSleep(maxRetries=10, sleepTime=1 SECONDS)14/04/04 17:32:39 INFO ipc.Client: Retrying connect to server: 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0:10020. Already tried 4 time(s); retry policy is RetryUpToMaximumCountWithFixedSleep(maxRetries=10, sleepTime=1 SECONDS)14/04/04 17:32:40 INFO ipc.Client: Retrying connect to server: 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0:10020. Already tried 5 time(s); retry policy is RetryUpToMaximumCountWithFixedSleep(maxRetries=10, sleepTime=1 SECONDS)14/04/04 17:32:41 INFO ipc.Client: Retrying connect to server: 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0:10020. Already tried 6 time(s); retry policy is RetryUpToMaximumCountWithFixedSleep(maxRetries=10, sleepTime=1 SECONDS)14/04/04 17:32:42 INFO ipc.Client: Retrying connect to server: 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0:10020. Already tried 7 time(s); retry policy is RetryUpToMaximumCountWithFixedSleep(maxRetries=10, sleepTime=1 SECONDS)14/04/04 17:32:43 INFO ipc.Client: Retrying connect to server: 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0:10020. Already tried 8 time(s); retry policy is RetryUpToMaximumCountWithFixedSleep(maxRetries=10, sleepTime=1 SECONDS)14/04/04 17:32:44 INFO ipc.Client: Retrying connect to server: 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0:10020. Already tried 9 time(s); retry policy is RetryUpToMaximumCountWithFixedSleep(maxRetries=10, sleepTime=1 SECONDS)14/04/04 17:32:44 INFO mapred.ClientServiceDelegate: Application state is completed. FinalApplicationStatus=SUCCEEDED. Redirecting to job history server14/04/04 17:32:45 INFO ipc.Client: Retrying connect to server: 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0:10020. Already tried 0 time(s); retry policy is RetryUpToMaximumCountWithFixedSleep(maxRetries=10, sleepTime=1 SECONDS)14/04/04 17:32:46 INFO ipc.Client: Retrying connect to server: 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0:10020. Already tried 1 time(s); retry policy is RetryUpToMaximumCountWithFixedSleep(maxRetries=10, sleepTime=1 SECONDS)14/04/04 17:32:47 INFO ipc.Client: Retrying connect to server: 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0:10020. Already tried 2 time(s); retry policy is RetryUpToMaximumCountWithFixedSleep(maxRetries=10, sleepTime=1 SECONDS)14/04/04 17:32:48 INFO ipc.Client: Retrying connect to server: 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0:10020. Already tried 3 time(s); retry policy is RetryUpToMaximumCountWithFixedSleep(maxRetries=10, sleepTime=1 SECONDS)14/04/04 17:32:49 INFO ipc.Client: Retrying connect to server: 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0:10020. Already tried 4 time(s); retry policy is RetryUpToMaximumCountWithFixedSleep(maxRetries=10, sleepTime=1 SECONDS)14/04/04 17:32:50 INFO ipc.Client: Retrying connect to server: 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0:10020. Already tried 5 time(s); retry policy is RetryUpToMaximumCountWithFixedSleep(maxRetries=10, sleepTime=1 SECONDS)14/04/04 17:32:51 INFO ipc.Client: Retrying connect to server: 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0:10020. Already tried 6 time(s); retry policy is RetryUpToMaximumCountWithFixedSleep(maxRetries=10, sleepTime=1 SECONDS)14/04/04 17:32:52 INFO ipc.Client: Retrying connect to server: 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0:10020. Already tried 7 time(s); retry policy is RetryUpToMaximumCountWithFixedSleep(maxRetries=10, sleepTime=1 SECONDS)14/04/04 17:32:53 INFO ipc.Client: Retrying connect to server: 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0:10020. Already tried 8 time(s); retry policy is RetryUpToMaximumCountWithFixedSleep(maxRetries=10, sleepTime=1 SECONDS)14/04/04 17:32:54 INFO ipc.Client: Retrying connect to server: 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0:10020. Already tried 9 time(s); retry policy is RetryUpToMaximumCountWithFixedSleep(maxRetries=10, sleepTime=1 SECONDS)14/04/04 17:32:54 INFO mapred.ClientServiceDelegate: Application state is completed. FinalApplicationStatus=SUCCEEDED. Redirecting to job history server14/04/04 17:32:55 INFO ipc.Client: Retrying connect to server: 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0:10020. Already tried 0 time(s); retry policy is RetryUpToMaximumCountWithFixedSleep(maxRetries=10, sleepTime=1 SECONDS)14/04/04 17:32:56 INFO ipc.Client: Retrying connect to server: 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0:10020. Already tried 1 time(s); retry policy is RetryUpToMaximumCountWithFixedSleep(maxRetries=10, sleepTime=1 SECONDS)14/04/04 17:32:57 INFO ipc.Client: Retrying connect to server: 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0:10020. Already tried 2 time(s); retry policy is RetryUpToMaximumCountWithFixedSleep(maxRetries=10, sleepTime=1 SECONDS)14/04/04 17:32:58 INFO ipc.Client: Retrying connect to server: 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0:10020. Already tried 3 time(s); retry policy is RetryUpToMaximumCountWithFixedSleep(maxRetries=10, sleepTime=1 SECONDS)14/04/04 17:32:59 INFO ipc.Client: Retrying connect to server: 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0:10020. Already tried 4 time(s); retry policy is RetryUpToMaximumCountWithFixedSleep(maxRetries=10, sleepTime=1 SECONDS)14/04/04 17:33:00 INFO ipc.Client: Retrying connect to server: 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0:10020. Already tried 5 time(s); retry policy is RetryUpToMaximumCountWithFixedSleep(maxRetries=10, sleepTime=1 SECONDS)14/04/04 17:33:01 INFO ipc.Client: Retrying connect to server: 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0:10020. Already tried 6 time(s); retry policy is RetryUpToMaximumCountWithFixedSleep(maxRetries=10, sleepTime=1 SECONDS)14/04/04 17:33:02 INFO ipc.Client: Retrying connect to server: 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0:10020. Already tried 7 time(s); retry policy is RetryUpToMaximumCountWithFixedSleep(maxRetries=10, sleepTime=1 SECONDS)14/04/04 17:33:03 INFO ipc.Client: Retrying connect to server: 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0:10020. Already tried 8 time(s); retry policy is RetryUpToMaximumCountWithFixedSleep(maxRetries=10, sleepTime=1 SECONDS)14/04/04 17:33:04 INFO ipc.Client: Retrying connect to server: 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0:10020. Already tried 9 time(s); retry policy is RetryUpToMaximumCountWithFixedSleep(maxRetries=10, sleepTime=1 SECONDS)14/04 /04 17:33:05 ERROR security.UserGroupInformation: PriviledgedActionException as:hadoop (auth:SIMPLE) cause:java.io.IOException: java.net.ConnectException: Call From sjfx /192.168.52.170 to 0.0.0.0:10020 failed on connection exception: java.net.ConnectException: 拒
绝连接; For more details see: http://wiki.apache.org/hadoop /ConnectionRefusedException in thread "main" java.io.IOException: java.net.ConnectException: Call From sjfx/192.168.52.170 to 0.0.0.0:10020 failed on connection exception: java.net.ConnectException: 拒 绝连接; For more details see: http://wiki.apache.org/hadoop
/ConnectionRefused at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.ClientServiceDelegate.invoke(ClientServiceDelegate.java:331) at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.ClientServiceDelegate.getTaskCompletionEvents(ClientServiceDelegate.java:383) at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.YARNRunner.getTaskCompletionEvents(YARNRunner.java:529) at org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Job$5.run(Job.java:668) at org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Job$5.run(Job.java:665) at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method) at javax.security.auth.Subject.doAs(Subject.java:415) at org.apache.hadoop.security.UserGroupInformation.doAs(UserGroupInformation.java:1491) at org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Job.getTaskCompletionEvents(Job.java:665) at org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Job.monitorAndPrintJob(Job.java:1349) at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.JobClient$NetworkedJob.monitorAndPrintJob(JobClient.java:407) at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.JobClient.monitorAndPrintJob(JobClient.java:855) at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.JobClient.runJob(JobClient.java:835) at com.fiveone.game.GameLoginLog.main(GameLoginLog.java:38) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:606) at org.apache.hadoop.util.RunJar.main(RunJar.java:212)Caused by: java.net.ConnectException: Call From sjfx/192.168.52.170 to 0.0.0.0:10020 failed on connection exception: java.net.ConnectException: 拒 绝连接; For more details see: http://wiki.apache.org/hadoop
/ConnectionRefused at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:57) at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45) at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:526) at org.apache.hadoop.net.NetUtils.wrapWithMessage(NetUtils.java:783) at org.apache.hadoop.net.NetUtils.wrapException(NetUtils.java:730) at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Client.call(Client.java:1351) at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Client.call(Client.java:1300) at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.ProtobufRpcEngine$Invoker.invoke(ProtobufRpcEngine.java:206) at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy12.getTaskAttemptCompletionEvents(Unknown Source) at org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.v2.api.impl.pb.client.MRClientProtocolPBClientImpl.getTaskAttemptCompletionEvents(MRClientProtocolPBClientImpl.java:177) at sun.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor5.invoke(Unknown Source) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:606) at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.ClientServiceDelegate.invoke(ClientServiceDelegate.java:317) ... 18 moreCaused by: java.net.ConnectException: 拒绝连接 at sun.nio.ch.SocketChannelImpl.checkConnect(Native Method) at sun.nio.ch.SocketChannelImpl.finishConnect(SocketChannelImpl.java:735) at org.apache.hadoop.net.SocketIOWithTimeout.connect(SocketIOWithTimeout.java:206) at org.apache.hadoop.net.NetUtils.connect(NetUtils.java:529) at org.apache.hadoop.net.NetUtils.connect(NetUtils.java:493) at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Client$Connection.setupConnection(Client.java:547) at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Client$Connection.setupIOstreams(Client.java:642) at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Client$Connection.access$2600(Client.java:314) at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Client.getConnection(Client.java:1399) at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Client.call(Client.java:1318) ... 26 more1、14/04/04 17:32:35 INFO ipc.Client: Retrying connect to server: 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0:10020. Already tried 0 time(s); retry policy is RetryUpToMaximumCountWithFixedSleep(maxRetries=10, sleepTime=1 SECONDS)
这个问题是由于没有启动historyserver引起的，解决办法：
在mapred-site.xml配置文件中添加：
<property>
<name>mapreduce.jobhistory.address</name>
<value>sjfx:10020</value>
</property>
在namenode上执行命令：mr-jobhistory-daemon.sh start historyserver
这样在，namenode上会启动JobHistoryServer服务，可以在historyserver的日志中查看运行情况
2、14/04/04 17:20:00 INFO mapreduce.Job: Task Id : attempt_1396530865591_0003_m_000011_0, Status : FAILED
出现这个问题可能是由于集群性能瓶颈造成的（IO或网络问题等等）
之前在台式机上虚拟出三个slave的集群，数据量稍微大点就会出现这个问题，后来换了台服务器虚拟出两个slave的集群，没有出现这个问题。
3、mapreduce历史作业管理器相关知识（出自：董成西《Hadoop技术内幕 深入解析yarn架构设计与实现原理》）：
为了方便用户查看MapReduce历史作业信息，MRAppMaster提供了一个JobHistoryServer服务，该服务主要由四个子服务组成，具体如下：
a、HistoryClientService.为Web界面展示历史作业信息提供后端实现，它通过调用JobHistory中的相关API获取作业信息，比如提交时间、提交用户、Counter值等，并将这些信息发送到前端。
b、HSAdminServer。管理员可使用“bin/mapred hsadmin” 命令动态更新JobHistoryServer访问和管理权限信息。用户输入该命令后，后端的HSAdminService服务将执行该命令，当前该命令可动态更新以下几种信息：
①管理员列表。历史作业查看器的管理员列表（具有启动和停止JobHistoryServer服务、更新权限信息等权限）是通过core-site.xml中的mapreduce.jobhistory.admin.acl属性（默认是“*”,表示任何人都是管理员）设置的。
②超级用户组列表。超级用户组信息是通过core-site.xml中的hadoop.proxyuser.groups和hadoop.proxyuser.hosts属性设置的，超级用户组是hadoop引入Kerberos安全机制后，为方便上层应用（比如HBase、Oozie等）访问Hadoop内核服务而新增加的配置项。
④用户与用户组映射关系。用户与用户组映射关系是通过core-site.xml中的hadoop.security.group.mapping属性设置的，它需要是一个实现了GroupMappingServiceProvider接口的类，默认实现是ShellBasedUnixGroupsMapping，即采用Linux操作系统的用户和用户组映射关系。
c、AggregatedLogDeletionService。该服务周期性扫描所有历史作业日志目录，如果一个日志目录存放时间超过yarn.nodemanager.log.retain-seconds（单位是秒，默认为3*60*60，即三个小时），则直接将其从HDFS上删除。
d、JobHistory。该服务从HDFS上读取MapReduce历史作业日志，并将其解析成格式化信息，供前端查看。MRAppMaster将执行完成的作业信息保存到mapreduce.jobhistory.intermediate-done-dir指定的目录中，如果用户未设置该属性，则保存到${yarn.app.mapreduce.am.staging-dir}/history/done_intermediate目录中，其中每个作业保存作业配置文件（后缀为.xml）和作业执行日志（后缀为.jhist）两个文件，通过解析作业执行日志，JobHistory能获取作业执行时的所有信息，包括作业提交时间、作业Counter、每个任务提交时间和运行时间、每个任务的Counter等。
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