类型转换
——强制类型转换
转换结果
——目标类型能够容纳目标值:结果不变
——目标类型不能容纳目标值:结果产生截断
#include <stdio.h>
struct TSG
{
int i;
int j;
};
struct TSG tsg;
int main()
{
short s = 0x1122;
char c = (char)s;
int i = (int)s;
int j = (int)3.1415;
unsigned long p = (unsigned long)&tsg;
// long l = (long)tsg; // error
// tsg = (struct TSG)l; // error
printf("s = %x\n", s);
printf("c = %x\n", c);
printf("i = %x\n", i);
printf("j = %x\n", j);
printf("&tsg = %p\n", &tsg);
return 0;
}
运行结果:
——隐式类型转换
——编译器主动进行类型转换
注意:
低类型到高类型的隐式类型转换是安全的
高类型到低类型的隐式类型转换是不安全的,导致不正确结果
——隐式类型转换的发生点
算数运算中,低类型转换为高类型
赋值表达式中,表达式左边的值转换为左边变量的类型
函数调用时,实参转换为行参的类型
函数返回值,return表达式转换为返回值类型
安全的隐式类型转换:
char -> short -> int -> unsigned int -> long -> unsgined long -> float -> double
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
char c = 'a';
int i = c; // safe
unsigned int j = 0x11223344;
short s = j; // unsafe
printf("c = %c\n", c);
printf("i = %d\n", i);
printf("j = %x\n", j);
printf("s = %x\n", s);
printf("sizeof(c + s) = %ld\n", sizeof(c + s));
return 0;
}
运行结果: