kvm虚拟化环境安装

转载自：http://liqingbiao.blog.51cto.com/3044896/1740516
在安装虚拟化环境的时候，首先查看下该服务器的硬件配置和环境，具体操作如下：
(一)检查硬件的相关情况：
1，查看cpu型号，物理cpu颗数,

[root@KVM ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep name | cut -d: -f2 | uniq -c
2 Intel(R) Core(TM) i3-4150 CPU @ 3.50GHz
[root@KVM ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep physical | sort -n | uniq -c
2 address sizes : 42 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
16 physical id : 0 ###说明有一颗cpu,颗数是从0开始的
2，查看内存

[root@KVM ~]# dmidecode|grep -A5 “Memory Device”|grep Size | cut -d: -f2 | sort -n | uniq -c
63 No Module Installed
63 1 kB
1 8 GB
1 8192 MB ###接了一根内存，每根内存的大小为8G
3，查看其它的相关参数:

[root@KVM ~]# dmidecode | grep -A16 “Memory Device” | grep Speed | sort -n | uniq -c
64 Speed: Unknown
[root@KVM ~]# dmidecode|grep ‘Maximum Capacity’
Maximum Capacity: 1 TB
[root@KVM ~]#

（二）安装kvm
1，查看服务器是否支持虚拟化
[root@KVM ~]# grep -E -o ‘vmx|svm’ /proc/cpuinfo
vmx
2，安装kvm软件包
1
[root@KVM ~]# yum -y install kvm python-virtinst libvirt tunctl bridge-utils virt-manager qemu-kvm-tools virt-viewer virt-v2v
3，安装kvm虚拟化管理工具包
1
[root@KVM ~]# yum install libguestfs-tools -y
4，查看虚拟机的相关环境

[root@KVM ~]# /etc/init.d/libvirtd restart
Stopping libvirtd daemon: [ OK ]
Starting libvirtd daemon: [ OK ]
[root@KVM ~]# virsh -c qemu:///system list

Id Name State

1 hadoop4 running

[root@KVM ~]# virsh –version ###查看虚拟机的版本
0.10.2
[root@KVM ~]# virt-install –version ###查看虚拟机工具的版本
0.600.0
[root@KVM ~]# ln -s /usr/libexec/qemu-kvm /usr/bin/qemu-kvm
[root@KVM ~]# qemu-kvm -version
QEMU PC emulator version 0.12.1 (qemu-kvm-0.12.1.2-2.479.el6_7.3), Copyright (c) 2003-2008 Fabrice Bellard
[root@KVM ~]#

5，手动创建虚拟网桥：
a,首先NetworkManager服务：
[root@KVM network-scripts]# /etc/init.d/NetworkManager status
NetworkManager (pid 1132) is running…
[root@KVM network-scripts]# /etc/init.d/NetworkManager stop
Stopping NetworkManager daemon: [ OK ]
[root@KVM network-scripts]# /etc/init.d/NetworkManager status
NetworkManager is stopped
[root@KVM network-scripts]# chkconfig NetworkManager off
b,创建br0网桥：

[root@KVM network-scripts]# cp ifcfg-eth0 ifcfg-br0
[root@KVM network-scripts]# vi ifcfg-eth0

DEVICE=eth0
BOOTPROTO=static
NM_CONTROLLED=”no”
ONBOOT=yes
TYPE=Ethernet
BRIDGE=br0
IPADDR=10.1.156.201
PREFIX=24
GATEWAY=10.1.156.1
DNS1=10.1.156.1
DNS2=114.114.114.114
DEFROUTE=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=yes
IPV6INIT=no
NAME=Systemeth0

[root@KVM network-scripts]# vi ifcfg-br0

DEVICE=br0
HWADDR=00:0C:29:75:92:CF
TYPE=Bridge
ONBOOT=yes
BOOTPROTO=static
IPADDR=10.1.156.200
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
GATEWAY=10.1.156.1
DNS1=10.1.156.1
DNS2=114.114.114.114

c，关闭了networkmanager服务之后，才能通过service networkrestart管理网络

[root@KVM ~]# /etc/init.d/network restart
Shutting down interface br0: [ OK ]
Shutting down interface eth0: [ OK ]
Shutting down loopback interface: [ OK ]
Bringing up loopback interface: [ OK ]
Bringing up interface eth0: [ OK ]
Bringing up interface br0: Determining if ip address 10.1.156.200 is already in use for device br0…
[ OK ]
如图：wKiom1awEwbwAJIcAABnlasQdOE364.png
d,查看网桥br0

[root@KVM ~]# ifconfig
br0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:75:92:CF
inet addr:10.1.156.200 Bcast:10.1.156.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe75:92cf/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:181 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:28 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:17908 (17.4 KiB) TX bytes:3068 (2.9 KiB)
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:75:92:CF
inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe75:92cf/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:183 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:32 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:20562 (20.0 KiB) TX bytes:3396 (3.3 KiB)
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1
RX packets:1033 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:1033 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:62322 (60.8 KiB) TX bytes:62322 (60.8 KiB)
virbr0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 52:54:00:F1:6D:D1
inet addr:192.168.122.1 Bcast:192.168.122.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:0 (0.0 b) TX bytes:0 (0.0 b)
vnet0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr FE:54:00:FE:F5:A3
inet6 addr: fe80::fc54:ff:fefe:f5a3/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:31517 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:500
RX bytes:0 (0.0 b) TX bytes:1639040 (1.5 MiB)
e,查看网桥
[root@KVM ~]# brctl show
bridge name bridge id STP enabled interfaces
br0 8000.000c297592cf no eth0
virbr0 8000.525400f16dd1 yes virbr0-nic
vnet0
wKiom1awEnGDpnjbAAA_-_oU3iE166.png

kvm环境安装完成。