Base64

Base64有什么用？

用记事本打开exe、jpg、pdf这些文件时，我们都会看到一大堆乱码，因为二进制文件包含很多无法显示和打印的字符。

所以，如果要让记事本这样的文本处理软件能处理二进制数据，或者使用json保存二进制信息，需要先把数据先做一个Base64编码，统统变成可见字符，再保存。

在Base64中的可打印字符包括大写英文字母A-Z、小写英文字母a-z、阿拉伯数字0-9，这样共有62个字符，此外两个可打印符号在不同的系统中而不同，通常用加号（+）和正斜杠（/）。外加“补全符号”，通常用等号（=）。

Base64是一种用64个字符来表示任意二进制数据的方法，常用于在URL、Cookie、网页中传输少量二进制数据。

Base64原理

Base64要求把每三个8Bit的字节转换为四个6Bit的字节（3*8 = 4*6 = 24），然后把6Bit再添两位高位0，组成四个8Bit的字节，也就是说，转换后的字符串理论上将要比原来的长1/3。

(原文)转换前         11111111, 11111111, 11111111 （二进制）
(Base64编码)转换后   00111111, 00111111, 00111111, 00111111 （二进制）

Qt中Base64的使用

     //========>base64编码<========//
    char src[] = "我爱C语言";
    int src_len = strlen(src);//所需头文件#include <string.h>
    //qDebug()所需头文件：#include <QDebug>
    qDebug() << "1[我爱C语言] toBase64 = " << QByteArray(src, src_len).toBase64(); 

    QString str = "我爱C语言";
    QByteArray array;
    array.append(str);
    QByteArray base64 = array.toBase64();
    qDebug() << "2[我爱C语言] toBase64 = " << base64;

    char tmp[1024] = {0};
    strcpy(tmp, base64.data());
    qDebug() << "3[我爱C语言] toBase64 = " << tmp;

    //========>base64解码<========//
    QByteArray dst = QByteArray::fromBase64( tmp );
    qDebug() << "dst = " << dst.data();

运行效果：

C语言中使用Base64

base64.h：

#ifndef BASE64_H
#define BASE64_H

//bindata编码成base64
//bindata：  源字符串
//binlength: 源字符串长度
//base64：目的字符串，base64字符串
//返回值：base64字符串
char * base64_encode( const unsigned char * bindata, int binlength, char * base64 );

//解码base64
//base64：源字符串
//bindata: 目的字符串
//返回值：目的字符串长度
int base64_decode( const char * base64, unsigned char * bindata );

#endif // BASE64_H

base64.c：

#include <string.h>

const char * base64char = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/";

//bindata编码成base64
//bindata：  源字符串
//binlength: 源字符串长度
//base64：目的字符串，base64字符串
//返回值：base64字符串
char * base64_encode( const unsigned char * bindata, int binlength, char * base64 )
{
    int i, j;
    unsigned char current;

    for ( i = 0, j = 0 ; i < binlength ; i += 3 )
    {
        current = (bindata[i] >> 2) ;
        current &= (unsigned char)0x3F;
        base64[j++] = base64char[(int)current];

        current = ( (unsigned char)(bindata[i] << 4 ) ) & ( (unsigned char)0x30 ) ;
        if ( i + 1 >= binlength )
        {
            base64[j++] = base64char[(int)current];
            base64[j++] = '=';
            base64[j++] = '=';
            break;
        }
        current |= ( (unsigned char)(bindata[i+1] >> 4) ) & ( (unsigned char) 0x0F );
        base64[j++] = base64char[(int)current];

        current = ( (unsigned char)(bindata[i+1] << 2) ) & ( (unsigned char)0x3C ) ;
        if ( i + 2 >= binlength )
        {
            base64[j++] = base64char[(int)current];
            base64[j++] = '=';
            break;
        }
        current |= ( (unsigned char)(bindata[i+2] >> 6) ) & ( (unsigned char) 0x03 );
        base64[j++] = base64char[(int)current];

        current = ( (unsigned char)bindata[i+2] ) & ( (unsigned char)0x3F ) ;
        base64[j++] = base64char[(int)current];
    }
    base64[j] = '\0';
    return base64;
}

//解码base64
//base64：源字符串
//bindata: 目的字符串
//返回值：目的字符串长度
int base64_decode( const char * base64, unsigned char * bindata )
{
    int i, j;
    unsigned char k;
    unsigned char temp[4];
    for ( i = 0, j = 0; base64[i] != '\0' ; i += 4 )
    {
        memset( temp, 0xFF, sizeof(temp) );
        for ( k = 0 ; k < 64 ; k ++ )
        {
            if ( base64char[k] == base64[i] )
                temp[0]= k;
        }
        for ( k = 0 ; k < 64 ; k ++ )
        {
            if ( base64char[k] == base64[i+1] )
                temp[1]= k;
        }
        for ( k = 0 ; k < 64 ; k ++ )
        {
            if ( base64char[k] == base64[i+2] )
                temp[2]= k;
        }
        for ( k = 0 ; k < 64 ; k ++ )
        {
            if ( base64char[k] == base64[i+3] )
                temp[3]= k;
        }

        bindata[j++] = ((unsigned char)(((unsigned char)(temp[0] << 2))&0xFC)) |
                ((unsigned char)((unsigned char)(temp[1]>>4)&0x03));
        if ( base64[i+2] == '=' )
            break;

        bindata[j++] = ((unsigned char)(((unsigned char)(temp[1] << 4))&0xF0)) |
                ((unsigned char)((unsigned char)(temp[2]>>2)&0x0F));
        if ( base64[i+3] == '=' )
            break;

        bindata[j++] = ((unsigned char)(((unsigned char)(temp[2] << 6))&0xF0)) |
                ((unsigned char)(temp[3]&0x3F));
    }
    return j;
}

main.c：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include "base64.h"

int main()
{

    //bindata编码成base64
    //bindata：  源字符串
    //binlength: 源字符串长度
    //base64：目的字符串，base64字符串
    //返回值：base64字符串
    //char * base64_encode( const unsigned char * bindata, int binlength, char * base64 );
    char src[] = "我爱C语言";
    int src_len = strlen(src);

    char base64[1024] = {0};
    base64_encode(src, src_len, base64); //base64编码
    printf("base64 = %s\n", base64);

    memset(src, 0, sizeof(src) );
    src_len = 0;

    //解码base64
    //base64：源字符串
    //bindata: 目的字符串
    //返回值：目的字符串长度
    //int base64_decode( const char * base64, unsigned char * bindata );
    src_len = base64_decode(base64, src);
    printf("src = %s, strlen(src) = %lu, src_len = %d\n", src, strlen(src), src_len);


    return 0;
}

运行效果：

本教程源码下载地址：http://download.csdn.net/detail/tennysonsky/9878452

参考资料：
1、https://www.zhihu.com/question/36306744/answer/71626823
2、http://www.cnblogs.com/yejianfei