[转帖]RMAN 恢复实践

[转帖]RMAN 恢复实践
RMAN恢复实践
文章来源：（ncn.cn） 阅读次数：（248） 更新时间：（2003-6-18 18:02:00）

关键词：Oracle、恢复、RMAN


谈恢复肯定离不开备份，不过今天我们的重点不在于此，我在在这里将备份分为两类：操作系统备份和数据库备份，而数据库备份工作我们大部分都是用RMAN 来做。对于使用RMAN 我强烈建议使用catalog mode。


测试环境：WIN2K ADV+ORACLE817


RMAN：target database named ORA，catalog database named RCVDB




一、Control file的恢复


说明：RMAN 的备份必须在catalog mode下进行，否则备份了control file也没有用；但即使是这样有时候可能还会出现很多问题。建议：control file 用SQL或操作系统的方式做备份和恢复。


1、RMAN备份的恢复


备份：


run {


allocate channel c1 type disk;


backup current controlfile;


}


恢复：


run {


allocate channel c1 type disk;


restore controlfile to '/oracle/oradata/ora/control01.ctl';


replicate controlfile from '/oracle/oradata/ora/control01.ctl';


restore database;


sql 'alter database mount';


recover database until cancel;


sql 'alter database open resetlogs';


release channel c1;


}


使用resetlogs之后需在catalog database 上进行reset database，原有备份信息将不可用，所以要及时进行新的完全备份。


2、SQL备份的恢复


备份：


alter database backup controlfile to trace;


恢复：


先将数据库shutdown，然后从备份所产生的trace文件中拷出创建恢复所用的SQL执行一遍


即可。如果你之前没有做这样的备份那也没关系，形式如下你可以照着写一个：


#--------------------------------BEGIN-----------------------------------------


# The following commands will create a new control file and use it


# to open the database.


# Data used by the recovery manager will be lost. Additional logs may


# be required for media recovery of offline data files. Use this


# only if the current version of all online logs are available.


STARTUP NOMOUNT


CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "ORA" NORESETLOGS


NOARCHIVELOG


MAXLOGFILES 32


MAXLOGMEMBERS 2


MAXDATAFILES 32


MAXINSTANCES 16


MAXLOGHISTORY 680


LOGFILE


GROUP 1 (


'C:/ORACLE/ORADATA/ORA/REDO01.LOG',


'C:/ORACLE/ORADATA/ORA/REDO01_1.LOG'


) SIZE 1M,


GROUP 2 (


'C:/ORACLE/ORADATA/ORA/REDO02.LOG',


'C:/ORACLE/ORADATA/ORA/REDO02_1.LOG'


) SIZE 1M,


GROUP 3 (


'C:/ORACLE/ORADATA/ORA/REDO03_1.LOG',


'C:/ORACLE/ORADATA/ORA/REDO03_2.LOG'


) SIZE 1M


DATAFILE


'C:/ORACLE/ORADATA/ORA/SYSTEM01.DBF',


'C:/ORACLE/ORADATA/ORA/RBS01.DBF',


'C:/ORACLE/ORADATA/ORA/USERS01.DBF',


'C:/ORACLE/ORADATA/ORA/TEMP01.DBF',


'C:/ORACLE/ORADATA/ORA/TOOLS01.DBF',


'C:/ORACLE/ORADATA/ORA/INDX01.DBF'


CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK


;


# Recovery is required if any of the datafiles are restored backups,


# or if the last shutdown was not normal or immediate.


RECOVER DATABASE


# Database can now be opened normally.


ALTER DATABASE OPEN;


#----------------------------------END-----------------------------------------


3、OS 备份的恢复


备份：


OS copy


恢复：


OS copy回来即可，要注意的是这个备份必须是最新有效的。


二、Database的恢复


A、To restore the database from host_a to host_b with the same file system


#此处使用recovery catalog；


#如果不是catalog mode，就用OS COPY直接将control file


#copy过来并mount database。


1、copy the init.ora file from host_a to host_b using o/s utility


2、rman target sys/sys@host_b catalog rman/rman@rcat


3、startup nomount


4、run {


allocate channel c1 type disk;


restore controlfile;


sql ‘alter database mount’;


}


5、select min(scn) from (


select max(next_change#) scn from v$archived_log


group by thread#);


6、run {


set until scn=500; #use appropriate SCN for incomplete recovery


allocate channel c1 type ‘sbt_type’;


restore database;


recover database;


sql ‘alter database open resetlogs’;


}


B、To restore the database from host_a to host_b with a different filesystem


步骤和A差不多，不同的是在启动数据库之前要修改init.ora文件中所有和路径相关的参数，


如：*_DEST，*_PATH 等。然后执行如下脚本：


run {


set until scn=500;


allocate channel c1 type disk;


set newname for datafile 1 to ‘/disk’/%U’;


set newname for datafile 2 to ‘/disk’/%U’;


set newname for datafile 3 to ‘/disk’/%U’;


set newname for datafile 4 to ‘/disk’/%U’;


set newname for datafile 5 to ‘/disk’/%U’;


set newname for datafile 6 to ‘/disk’/%U’;


set newname for datafile 7 to ‘/disk’/%U’;


sql ‘alter database mount’;


restore database;


switch datafile all; #points the control file to the renamed datafiles


recover database;


.... ....


sql ‘alter database open resetlogs’;


}


三、Tablespace and datafile的恢复


run {


allocate channel c1 type disk;


sql ‘alter tablespace users offline immediate’; #must be in archive log mode


#如下改变datafile位置


set newname for datafile 'c:/oracle/oradata/ora/users01.dbf'


to 'c:/oracle/oradata/orabk/user01.dbf';


restore tablespace users;


switch datafile all;


recover tablespace users;


sql ‘alter tablespace users online’;


}


如果不在archive log mode下，执行以上SQL时会出错：ORA-01145。你将不得不shutdown。


四、关于set until 选项


set until后面可以跟time、scn和logseq三个不同的选项，当数据库运行在noarchivelog


mode 下时可以使用until cancel选项进行数据库的不完全恢复。所有这些的具体过程和以上


的数据库恢复都差不多，不再赘述。