让你的Junit单元测试支持Spring IOC依赖注入

使用场景：
当项目引入了Spring之后，进行单元测试时，如果需要使用到一些类，可以利用Spring的对象管理功能，不用再自己new对象出来。

Step1

在测试类加入如下两个注解，使得Junit支持Spring IOC
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = {“classpath*:spring/spring.xml”}) //*可加可不加

• 不要忘记在你的Spring上下文ApplicationContext.xml中加入component-scan，如下：

<context:component-scan base-package="com.paic.health"/>

• Note:配置ContextConfiguration时要注意classpath要写对，不然Spring找不到classpath，无法扫描组件。报错如下：

16:27:34,282 [main] ERROR [TestContextManager] Caught exception while allowing TestExecutionListener [org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener@56ac3a89] to prepare test instance [com.paic.mhis.health.component.TaskTest@370736d9]
org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'com.paic.mhis.health.component.TaskTest': Injection of autowired dependencies failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire field: com.paic.mhis.health.component.Task com.paic.mhis.health.component.TaskTest.task; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type [com.paic.mhis.health.component.Task] found for dependency: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate for this dependency. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:334)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1214)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.autowireBeanProperties(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:385)
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.injectDependencies(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:118)
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:83)
    at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:228)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.createTest(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:230)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner$1.runReflectiveCall(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:289)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.methodBlock(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:291)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:249)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:89)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:70)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:193)
    at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:137)
    at com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:68)
    at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater.startRunnerWithArgs(IdeaTestRunner.java:51)
    at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:242)
    at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:70)
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire field: com.paic.mhis.health.component.Task com.paic.mhis.health.component.TaskTest.task; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type [com.paic.mhis.health.component.Task] found for dependency: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate for this dependency. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:573)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata.inject(InjectionMetadata.java:88)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:331)
    ... 25 more

Sample:

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = {"classpath:spring/spring.xml"})
public class TaskTest {
    @Autowired
    Task task;
//    Task task = new Task();
    @Test
    public void test() throws Exception{
        long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
        Future<String> task1 = task.doTaskOne();
        Future<String> task2 = task.doTaskTwo();
        Future<String> task3 = task.doTaskThree();
        while (true) {
            if (task1.isDone() && task2.isDone() && task3.isDone()) {
                break;
            }

            Thread.sleep(1000);
        }

        long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
        System.out.println("all task  end,耗时：" + (end -start) + "毫秒");
    }
}

Step2

将需要注入的类加上@Component注解,like this

@Component
public class Task {
    public static Random random = new Random();
    @Async
    public Future<String> doTaskOne() throws Exception {
        System.out.println("task one start");
        long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
        Thread.sleep(random.nextInt(10000));
        long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
        System.out.println("task one end,耗时：" + (end -start) + "毫秒");
        return new AsyncResult<>("task1 end");
    }
    @Async
    public Future<String> doTaskTwo() throws Exception {
        System.out.println("task two start");
        long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
        Thread.sleep(random.nextInt(10000));
        long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
        System.out.println("task two end,耗时：" + (end -start) + "毫秒");
        return new AsyncResult<>("task2 end");
    }
    @Async
    public Future<String> doTaskThree() throws Exception {
        System.out.println("task three start");
        long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
        Thread.sleep(random.nextInt(10000));
        long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
        System.out.println("task three end,耗时：" + (end -start) + "毫秒");
        return new AsyncResult<>("task3 end");
    }
}

Step3

测试类种使用@Autowired将Task的对象注入进来,like this

public class TaskTest {
    @Autowired
    Task task;
//    Task task = new Task();
    @Test
    public void test() throws Exception{
        long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
        Future<String> task1 = task.doTaskOne();
        Future<String> task2 = task.doTaskTwo();
        Future<String> task3 = task.doTaskThree();
        while (true) {
            if (task1.isDone() && task2.isDone() && task3.isDone()) {
                break;
            }

            Thread.sleep(1000);
        }

        long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
        System.out.println("all task  end,耗时：" + (end -start) + "毫秒");
    }
}

Step4 测试结果

通过测试，Junit完美注入了Task对象，不用再进行new操作。