grub中为加载模块申请memory的初始化

grub中的程序像kenrel一样可以是buildin的，也可以build成模块。在需要时候通过insmod 加载进来
例如下面这个grub.cfg 中的code
menuentry "Microsoft Windows 8.1" {
	echo "Loading Microsoft Windows 8.1..."
	insmod part_gpt
	insmod fat
	insmod search_fs_uuid
	insmod chain
	search --fs-uuid --no-floppy --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt2 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt2 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt2 763A-9CB6
	chainloader /EFI/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw.efi
}
这些新加载的模块是需要grub 在memroy中找一段位置来加载，那因此在grub初始化的时候会提供这段加载模块的memory
具体源码在grub-core/kern/efi/mm.c 中
static void
add_memory_regions (grub_efi_memory_descriptor_t *memory_map,
		    grub_efi_uintn_t desc_size,
		    grub_efi_memory_descriptor_t *memory_map_end,
		    grub_efi_uint64_t required_pages)
{
  grub_efi_memory_descriptor_t *desc;

  for (desc = memory_map;
       desc < memory_map_end;
       desc = NEXT_MEMORY_DESCRIPTOR (desc, desc_size))
    {
      grub_efi_uint64_t pages;
      grub_efi_physical_address_t start;
      void *addr;

      start = desc->physical_start;
      pages = desc->num_pages;
      if (pages > required_pages)
	{
	  start += PAGES_TO_BYTES (pages - required_pages);
	  pages = required_pages;
	}
//通过bootservice向bios申请memory
      addr = grub_efi_allocate_pages (start, pages);
      if (! addr)
	grub_fatal ("cannot allocate conventional memory %p with %u pages",
		    (void *) ((grub_addr_t) start),
		    (unsigned) pages);
//将memory通过grub_mm_init_region 添加到grub_mm_base 这个list中
      grub_mm_init_region (addr, PAGES_TO_BYTES (pages));

      required_pages -= pages;
      if (required_pages == 0)
	break;
    }

  if (required_pages > 0)
    grub_fatal ("too little memory");
}
这样当加载模块时会通过grub_memalign来申请memory。从下面的源码中可以看到grub_memalign 会向grub_mm_base 这个list中查找符合的memory
void *
grub_memalign (grub_size_t align, grub_size_t size)
{
  grub_mm_region_t r;
  grub_size_t n = ((size + GRUB_MM_ALIGN - 1) >> GRUB_MM_ALIGN_LOG2) + 1;
  int count = 0;

  if (!grub_mm_base)
    goto fail;

  if (size > ~(grub_size_t) align)
    goto fail;

  /* We currently assume at least a 32-bit grub_size_t,
     so limiting allocations to <adress space size> - 1MiB
     in name of sanity is beneficial. */
  if ((size + align) > ~(grub_size_t) 0x100000)
    goto fail;

  align = (align >> GRUB_MM_ALIGN_LOG2);
  if (align == 0)
    align = 1;

 again:

  for (r = grub_mm_base; r; r = r->next)
    {
      void *p;

      p = grub_real_malloc (&(r->first), n, align);
      if (p)
	return p;
    }

  /* If failed, increase free memory somehow.  */
  switch (count)
    {
    case 0:
      /* Invalidate disk caches.  */
      grub_disk_cache_invalidate_all ();
      count++;
      goto again;

#if 0
    case 1:
      /* Unload unneeded modules.  */
      grub_dl_unload_unneeded ();
      count++;
      goto again;
#endif

    default:
      break;
    }

 fail:
  grub_error (GRUB_ERR_OUT_OF_MEMORY, N_("out of memory"));
  return 0;
}