UIday1801:沙盒三个文件的路径的获取、简单与复杂对象的读写、NSUserDefaults、NSFileManager

初级数据持久化(沙盒三个文件的路径的获取、简单与复杂对象的读写、NSUserDefaults、NSFileManager  )

NSDocumentDirectory 是指程序中对应的Documents路径，而NSDocumentionDirectory对应于程序中的Library/Documentation路径，这个路径是没有读写权限的，所以看不到文件生成。

IOS开发是在沙盒中开发的，对一些部分的文件的读写进行了限制，只能在几个目录下读写文件：
 （1）Documents：应用中用户数据可以放在这里，iTunes备份和恢复的时候会包括此目录
 （2）tmp：存放临时文件，iTunes不会备份和恢复此目录，此目录下文件可能会在应用退出后删除
 （3）Library/Caches：存放缓存文件，iTunes不会备份此目录，此目录下文件不会在应用退出删除
 对于文件操作，NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains是核心函数。

ViewController.m

#import "ViewController.h"
#import "Person.h"

@interface ViewController ()

@property(nonatomic,strong)UIImageView * imV;

@end

@implementation ViewController

- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];
    // Do any additional setup after loading the view, typically from a nib.
    
    // 沙盒 就是一个文件夹
    // *********获取沙盒路径************
/*
    // 获取用户名
    NSString * s = NSUserName();
    
    // 获取主路径
    NSString * rootPath = NSHomeDirectoryForUser(s);
    
    NSLog(@"%@",rootPath);
   */
    
    // ************获取沙盒三个文件夹的路径***********
    
/*
    // other
    NSString * rootPath1 = NSHomeDirectory();
    NSLog(@"rootPath1 = %@",rootPath1);
    
    // 获取doucments路径
    // 作用 数据运行程序后产生，主要存储数据库等不常改变的数据文件。存在这里的文件会被备份。（下载的文件不能放在这里，如果放在这上传APPStore的时候会被拒掉）
    NSString * documentsPath = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES)[0];
    NSLog(@"documentsPath = %@",documentsPath);
    
    // 获取Caches路径
    // 作用存放缓存文件，例如：音频、视频、图片（不会被自动备份）
    NSString * cachesPath = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSCachesDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES)[0];
    NSLog(@"cachesPath = %@",cachesPath);
    
    // 获取tmp路径
    // 作用：存放临时文件，程序下次启动不需要，退出清空。
    NSString * tmpPath = NSTemporaryDirectory();
    NSLog(@"tmpPath = %@",tmpPath);
    
  */
    
    //***********简单文件的写入*****************
/*
    //准备路径
    NSString * documentsPath = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES)[0];
    NSLog(@"%@",documentsPath);
    
    //----------------NSString的写和读---------------
    //NSString  NSArray  NSDictionary  NSData
    NSString * str1 = @"hello world";
    
    NSString * filePath = [documentsPath stringByAppendingString:@"/hello.txt"];
    
    //写入
//    [str1 writeToFile:filePath atomically:YES encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding error:nil];
    
    //读出
    NSString *s1 = [NSString stringWithContentsOfFile:filePath encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding error:nil];
    NSLog(@"s1 = %@" ,s1);
    
    //------------- NSArray 的写和读 --------------
    //stringByAppendingPathComponent: 路径不需要写斜线，不需要写后缀
    NSString * filePath2 = [documentsPath stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"array"];
    NSArray *array1 = @[@"1",@"2",@"3"];
    
    //写入
//    [array1 writeToFile:filePath2 atomically:YES];
    
    //读
    NSArray * array2 = [NSArray arrayWithContentsOfFile:filePath2];
    
//    NSLog(@"array2 = %@",array2);
    
    //------------- NSDictionary 的写和读------------
    NSString * filePath3 = [documentsPath stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"Dictionary"];
    
    //写入
    NSDictionary * dict = @{@"山西":@"太原",@"河北":@"石家庄"};
    [dict writeToFile:filePath3 atomically:YES];
    
    //读
    NSDictionary * dict2 = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithContentsOfFile:filePath3];
    NSLog(@"dict2  %@",dict2);
    
    //遍历字典
    for (id obj in dict2) {
        NSLog(@"dict2 %@ = %@",obj,[dict2 valueForKey:obj]);
    }
 */
    
    //*************** 复杂对象写入1 *****************
/*
    //创建对象
    Person * p1 = [[Person alloc]init];
    p1.name = @"贝爷";
    p1.age = 20;
    
    //准备NSMutableData 存数据
    NSMutableData * data = [NSMutableData data];
    
    创建归档工具
    NSKeyedArchiver * archiver = [[NSKeyedArchiver alloc]initForWritingWithMutableData:data];
    
    //开始归档
    [archiver encodeObject:p1 forKey:@"p1"];
    
    //完成归档
    [archiver finishEncoding];
    
    //准备路径
    NSString * documentsPath = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES)[0];
    NSString * filePath4 = [documentsPath stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"贝爷.m"];
    NSLog(@"%@",documentsPath);
    
    //data写入
//    [data writeToFile:filePath4 atomically:YES];
    
    //读
    NSData * data1 = [NSData dataWithContentsOfFile:filePath4];
    NSLog(@"data1 = %@",data1);
    
    //反归档
    NSKeyedUnarchiver * unarchiver = [[NSKeyedUnarchiver alloc]initForReadingWithData:data1];
    
    //转换成对象
    Person * p2 = [unarchiver decodeObjectForKey:@"p1"];
    
    //反归档完成
    [unarchiver finishDecoding];
    
    NSLog(@"%@ == %ld",p2.name,p2.age);
  */
    
    //*************** 复杂对象写入2 *****************
/*
    //准备路径
    NSString * documentsPath = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES)[0];
    //拼接路径
    NSString * filePath5 = [documentsPath stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"person.mp4"];
    
    //创建person对象
    Person *p3 = [[Person alloc]init];
    p3.name = @"六娃";
    p3.age = 18;
    
    //存
//    [NSKeyedArchiver archiveRootObject:p3 toFile:filePath5];
    
    //取 (这种归档方式，只能针对一个对象)
    Person * p4 = [NSKeyedUnarchiver unarchiveObjectWithFile:filePath5];
    NSLog(@"%@ == %ld",p4.name,p4.age);
  */
    
    //************* NSUserDefaults 通常用来写引导页 ********
/*
    // 创建对象
    NSUserDefaults * ud = [NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults];
    
    // 存
    [ud setObject:@"yan3" forKey:@"lanou"];
    // 同步数据
    [ud synchronize];
    
    // 取
    NSLog(@"%@",[ud objectForKey:@"lanou"]);
 */
    
    //************** 导航页测试 ****************
/*
    // 创建对象
    // NSUserDefaults 存一些简单的数据
    NSUserDefaults * ud = [NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults];
    
    NSString *s = [ud objectForKey:@"first"];
    
    if (s == nil) {
        self.imV = [[UIImageView alloc]initWithImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"000.png"]];
        self.imV.frame = self.view.bounds;
        [self.view addSubview:_imV];
        
        [ud setObject:@"NO" forKey:@"first"];
    }
  */
    
    //*********** NSFileManager 文件管理对象 ************
    //路径
    NSString * cachesPath = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSCachesDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES)[0];
    NSLog(@"%@",cachesPath);
    
    //创建文件管理对象
    NSFileManager * fm = [NSFileManager defaultManager];
    
    //创建文件夹
    [fm createDirectoryAtPath:[cachesPath stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"00/test"] withIntermediateDirectories:YES attributes:nil error:nil];
    
    //更改文件名
    [fm moveItemAtPath:[cachesPath stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"00/test"] toPath:[cachesPath stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"Demo"] error:nil];
    

    //移动文件位置
    [fm moveItemAtPath:[cachesPath stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"00/test"] toPath:[cachesPath stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"Demo/test"] error:nil];

    //删除文件
    [fm removeItemAtPath:[cachesPath stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"Demo/test"] error:nil];
    
    //判断一个文件是否存在
    BOOL i = [fm fileExistsAtPath:@"Demo"];
    NSLog(@"%d",i);    
    
}

- (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning {
    [super didReceiveMemoryWarning];
    // Dispose of any resources that can be recreated.
}

@end

Person.h

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

//一个类是否可以被归档反归档，要看是否遵循NSCoding协议。

@interface Person : NSObject<NSCoding>

@property(nonatomic,copy)NSString * name;

@property(nonatomic,assign)NSInteger age;

@end

Person.m

#import "Person.h"

@implementation Person

// 编码
- (void)encodeWithCoder:(NSCoder *)aCoder{
    
    [aCoder encodeObject:self.name forKey:@"p_name"];
    
    [aCoder encodeInteger:self.age forKey:@"p_age"];
}

// 反编码
- (id)initWithCoder:(NSCoder *)aDecoder{
    
    
    if (self = [super init]) {
        
        self.name = [aDecoder decodeObjectForKey:@"p_name"];
        
        self.age = [aDecoder decodeIntegerForKey:@"p_age"];
        
    }
    
    return self;
    
}

@end