Spring AOP 中 advice 的四种类型 before after throwing advice around

Spring  AOP(Aspect-oriented programming) 是用于切面编程,简单的来说:AOP相当于一个拦截器,去拦截一些处理,例如:当一个方法执行的时候,Spring 能够拦截正在执行的方法,在方法执行的前或者后增加额外的功能和处理。


在Spring AOP中支持4中类型的通知:

1:before advice 在方法执行前执行。

2:after  returning  advice 在方法执行后返回一个结果后执行。

3:after  throwing advice 在方法执行过程中抛出异常的时候执行。

4:Around  advice 在方法执行前后和抛出异常时执行,相当于综合了以上三种通知。


下面是一个简单的AOP  advice 的例子:

 首先给出一个简单的Spring 注入的例子,

定义一个Book类:

package com.myapp.core.aop.advice;

public class Book {
   private  String  name;
   private  String  url;
   private   int    pages;
   
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	public String getUrl() {
		return url;
	}
	public void setUrl(String url) {
		this.url = url;
	}
	public int getPages() {
		return pages;
	}
	public void setPages(int pages) {
		this.pages = pages;
	}


	public  void  printName(){
		System.out.println("Book name "+ this.name);
	}
	
	public  void  printUrl(){
		System.out.println("Book URL "+this.url);
	}
	
	public  void  printThrowException(){
		throw  new  IllegalArgumentException();
	}
   
}

相应的配置文件:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd">

  <!-- more bean definitions for data access objects go here -->
   
    <bean id="book" class="com.myapp.core.aop.advice.Book">
	    <property name="name" value="Effective java" />
	    <property name="url" value="www.google.cn"/>
	    <property name="pages" value="300" />
    </bean>
</beans>
对应的测试类:

package com.myapp.core.aop.advice;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class MainTest {
   public static void main(String[] args) {
	  
	   ApplicationContext  context  = new  ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("resource/aop.xml");
	   
	   Book   book  =   (Book) context.getBean("book");
	   
	   System.out.println("---------------------");
       
	   book.printName();
	   
	   System.out.println("---------------------");
	   
	   book.printUrl();
	   
	   System.out.println("----------------------");
	   
	   try{
		   
		  book.printThrowException();
		   
	   }catch(Exception e){
		 //  e.printStackTrace();
	   }
	   
	   
}
}

输出结果:

三月 20, 2013 11:01:01 上午 org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext prepareRefresh
INFO: Refreshing org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext@11e831: startup date [Wed Mar 20 11:01:01 CST 2013]; root of context hierarchy
三月 20, 2013 11:01:01 上午 org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader loadBeanDefinitions
INFO: Loading XML bean definitions from class path resource [resource/aop.xml]
三月 20, 2013 11:01:01 上午 org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory preInstantiateSingletons
INFO: Pre-instantiating singletons in org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory@13b5500: defining beans [book]; root of factory hierarchy
---------------------
Book name Effective java
---------------------
Book URL www.google.cn
----------------------

下面对以上的Book加上Spring   AOP   advices

1:before  advice

before advice将在方法执行前执行,创建一个实现MethodBeforeAdvice接口的类能够定义执行方法前的操作。
类如下:
package com.myapp.core.aop.advice;

import java.lang.reflect.Method;

import org.springframework.aop.MethodBeforeAdvice;

public class BeforeMethod  implements MethodBeforeAdvice {

	@Override
	public void before(Method arg0, Object[] arg1, Object arg2)
			throws Throwable {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		
		System.out.println("Before  Method");
		System.out.println("--------------------");
		
	}
 
}
配置对应的bean:
在aop.xml中配置,创建一个BeforeMethod类,一个新的代理命名为:bookProxy
1: target 设置你想拦截的bean
2:interceptorNames设置通知,你想作用于proxy/target上的
对应的配置文件如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd">

  <!-- more bean definitions for data access objects go here -->
   
    <bean id="book" class="com.myapp.core.aop.advice.Book">
	    <property name="name" value="Effective java" />
	    <property name="url" value="www.google.cn"/>
	    <property name="pages" value="300" />
    </bean>
    
    <bean id="beforeMethodBean" class="com.myapp.core.aop.advice.BeforeMethod" />
    
    <bean id="bookProxy" class="org.springframework.aop.framework.ProxyFactoryBean">
     
     <property name="target" ref="book"/>
     
     <property name="interceptorNames">
       <list>
        <value>beforeMethodBean</value>
       </list>
     </property>
    
     </bean>
</beans>

注意:为了使用proxy(代理)我们需要引入 CGLIB2, pom.xml文件中注入如下:
	<dependency>
		<groupId>cglib</groupId>
		<artifactId>cglib</artifactId>
		<version>2.2.2</version>
	</dependency>

运行测试类:
package com.myapp.core.aop.advice;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class MainTest {
   public static void main(String[] args) {
	  
	   ApplicationContext  context  = new  ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("resource/aop.xml");
	   
	   Book   book  =   (Book) context.getBean("bookProxy");
	   
	   System.out.println("---------------------");
       
	   book.printName();
	   
	   System.out.println("---------------------");
	   
	   book.printUrl();
	   
	   System.out.println("----------------------");
	   
	   try{
		   
		  book.printThrowException();
		   
	   }catch(Exception e){
		 //  e.printStackTrace();
	   }
	   
	   
}
}

注意以上获得的是代理bean;
运行结果如下:
三月 20, 2013 2:18:56 下午 org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext prepareRefresh
INFO: Refreshing org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext@eb67e8: startup date [Wed Mar 20 14:18:55 CST 2013]; root of context hierarchy
三月 20, 2013 2:18:56 下午 org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader loadBeanDefinitions
INFO: Loading XML bean definitions from class path resource [resource/aop.xml]
三月 20, 2013 2:18:57 下午 org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory preInstantiateSingletons
INFO: Pre-instantiating singletons in org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory@157985: defining beans [book,beforeMethodBean,bookProxy]; root of factory hierarchy
---------------------
Before  Method
--------------------
Book name Effective java
---------------------
Before  Method
--------------------
Book URL www.google.cn
----------------------
Before  Method
--------------------

2: after  advice

在方法运行返回结果后将执行这个 afterReturning方法,创建的这个类必须实现:AfterReturningAdvice接口
package com.myapp.core.aop.advice;

import java.lang.reflect.Method;

import org.springframework.aop.AfterReturningAdvice;

public class AfterMethod  implements  AfterReturningAdvice {

	@Override
	public void afterReturning(Object arg0, Method arg1, Object[] arg2,
			Object arg3) throws Throwable {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		
		System.out.println("-------------------");
		
		System.out.println("After  method ");
		
		
		
	}

}

xml配置文件:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd">

  <!-- more bean definitions for data access objects go here -->
   
    <bean id="book" class="com.myapp.core.aop.advice.Book">
	    <property name="name" value="Effective java" />
	    <property name="url" value="www.google.cn"/>
	    <property name="pages" value="300" />
    </bean>
    
    <bean id="beforeMethodBean" class="com.myapp.core.aop.advice.BeforeMethod" />
    
      <bean id="afterMethodBean" class="com.myapp.core.aop.advice.AfterMethod" />
    
    <bean id="bookProxy" class="org.springframework.aop.framework.ProxyFactoryBean">
     
     <property name="target" ref="book"/>
     
     <property name="interceptorNames">
       <list>
        <value>beforeMethodBean</value>
        <value>afterMethodBean</value>
       </list>
     </property>
    
     </bean>
</beans>

运行结果如下:
三月 20, 2013 2:22:19 下午 org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext prepareRefresh
INFO: Refreshing org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext@eb67e8: startup date [Wed Mar 20 14:22:19 CST 2013]; root of context hierarchy
三月 20, 2013 2:22:19 下午 org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader loadBeanDefinitions
INFO: Loading XML bean definitions from class path resource [resource/aop.xml]
三月 20, 2013 2:22:20 下午 org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory preInstantiateSingletons
INFO: Pre-instantiating singletons in org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory@157985: defining beans [book,beforeMethodBean,afterMethodBean,bookProxy]; root of factory hierarchy
---------------------
Before  Method
--------------------
Book name Effective java
-------------------
After  method 
---------------------
Before  Method
--------------------
Book URL www.google.cn
-------------------
After  method 
----------------------
Before  Method
--------------------

3:after  throwing  advice 

当方法执行抛出一个异常后,会执行这个方法,创建一个类实现:ThrowsAdvice接口,创建一个afterThrowing拦截:IllegalArgumentException异常。
类如下:
package com.myapp.core.aop.advice;

import org.springframework.aop.ThrowsAdvice;

public class ThrowException  implements ThrowsAdvice{
   
	public  void  afterThrowing(IllegalArgumentException e)  throws  Throwable{
		System.out.println("after Throwing  Exception");
	}
}

xml中配置文件如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd">

  <!-- more bean definitions for data access objects go here -->
   
    <bean id="book" class="com.myapp.core.aop.advice.Book">
	    <property name="name" value="Effective java" />
	    <property name="url" value="www.google.cn"/>
	    <property name="pages" value="300" />
    </bean>
    
    <!-- before  advice -->
    <bean id="beforeMethodBean" class="com.myapp.core.aop.advice.BeforeMethod" />
    
    <!-- after  advice -->
      <bean id="afterMethodBean" class="com.myapp.core.aop.advice.AfterMethod" />
      
      <!-- throwing  advice -->
      
      <bean id="throwException" class="com.myapp.core.aop.advice.ThrowException" />
    
    <bean id="bookProxy" class="org.springframework.aop.framework.ProxyFactoryBean">
     
     <property name="target" ref="book"/>
     
     <property name="interceptorNames">
       <list>
        <value>beforeMethodBean</value>
        <value>afterMethodBean</value>
        <value>throwException</value>
       </list>
     </property>
    
     </bean>
</beans>
执行结果如下:
三月 20, 2013 2:37:36 下午 org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext prepareRefresh
INFO: Refreshing org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext@eb67e8: startup date [Wed Mar 20 14:37:36 CST 2013]; root of context hierarchy
三月 20, 2013 2:37:36 下午 org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader loadBeanDefinitions
INFO: Loading XML bean definitions from class path resource [resource/aop.xml]
三月 20, 2013 2:37:36 下午 org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory preInstantiateSingletons
INFO: Pre-instantiating singletons in org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory@157985: defining beans [book,beforeMethodBean,afterMethodBean,throwException,bookProxy]; root of factory hierarchy
---------------------
Before  Method
--------------------
Book name Effective java
-------------------
After  method 
---------------------
Before  Method
--------------------
Book URL www.google.cn
-------------------
After  method 
----------------------
Before  Method
--------------------
after Throwing  Exception

4:Around  advice

这个advice 联合了上面的三个advices,在方法执行期间执行,创建一个类实现MethodInterceptor接口,需要在方法中执行Object result = methodInvocation.proceed();方法才能得到执行,否则方法不会执行。
类如下:
package com.myapp.core.aop.advice;

import java.util.Arrays;

import org.aopalliance.intercept.MethodInterceptor;
import org.aopalliance.intercept.MethodInvocation;

public class AroundMethod  implements MethodInterceptor{

	@Override
	public Object invoke(MethodInvocation methodInvocation) throws Throwable {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		
		System.out.println("method  name:" + methodInvocation.getMethod().getName());
		
		System.out.println("method  arguments" + Arrays.toString(methodInvocation.getArguments()));
		
		System.out.println("Around  method : before ");
		
		try{
			
			Object result = methodInvocation.proceed();
			
			System.out.println("Around method : after ");
			return  result;
			
		}catch(IllegalArgumentException e){
			
			System.out.println("Around method : throw  an  exception ");
			throw  e;
		}
	}

}

配置文件如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd">

  <!-- more bean definitions for data access objects go here -->
   
    <bean id="book" class="com.myapp.core.aop.advice.Book">
	    <property name="name" value="Effective java" />
	    <property name="url" value="www.google.cn"/>
	    <property name="pages" value="300" />
    </bean>
  
    <bean id="aroundMethod"  class="com.myapp.core.aop.advice.AroundMethod" />
    
    <bean id="bookProxy" class="org.springframework.aop.framework.ProxyFactoryBean" >
     <property name="target" ref="book"/>
     
     <property name="interceptorNames">
       <list>
    
         <value>aroundMethod</value>
       </list>
     </property>
    
     </bean>
</beans>

测试结果:
三月 20, 2013 3:02:19 下午 org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext prepareRefresh
INFO: Refreshing org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext@eb67e8: startup date [Wed Mar 20 15:02:19 CST 2013]; root of context hierarchy
三月 20, 2013 3:02:19 下午 org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader loadBeanDefinitions
INFO: Loading XML bean definitions from class path resource [resource/aop.xml]
三月 20, 2013 3:02:19 下午 org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory preInstantiateSingletons
INFO: Pre-instantiating singletons in org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory@e29127: defining beans [book,aroundMethod,bookProxy]; root of factory hierarchy
---------------------
method  name:printName
method  arguments[]
Around  method : before 
Book name Effective java
Around method : after 
---------------------
method  name:printUrl
method  arguments[]
Around  method : before 
Book URL www.google.cn
Around method : after 
----------------------
method  name:printThrowException
method  arguments[]
Around  method : before 
Around method : throw  an  exception 

around  advice得到实现。 over




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