2011斯坦福大学iOS应用开发教程学习笔记(第五课)Protocols,手势识别

第五课内容： 自动旋转、 Protocols、 手势识别、一个自定义UIView的Demo

1、自动旋转

当设备旋转时，你的controller会做什么呢？你可以控制界面是否和设备一起一起旋转。

- (BOOL)shouldAutorotateToInterfaceOrientation:(UIInterfaceOrientation)orientation
{
return UIInterfaceOrientationIsPortrait(orientation); // only support portrait 
return YES; // support all orientations
return (orientation != UIInterfaceOrientationPortraitUpsideDown); // anything but
}

当旋转的时候，view的bounds会改变，子view的frame,子view的子view也会改变。

改变的规则是：struts和springs。

当view的bound改变时，drawRect不会默认调用

红色的 I 就是struts，中间的红色箭头就是springs。

右边红白色的显示屏似的就是用动画告诉你view如何改变。白色的是父view，红色的是你选中的view。

这个控制在iPhone上一般使用不到，因为屏幕太小了。

幸运的是，有UIView有这么个属性来控制

三种控制方式：

1、

@property (nonatomic) UIViewContentMode contentMode;

UIViewContentMode{Left,Right,Top,Right,BottomLeft,BottomRight,TopLeft,TopRight}

2、缩放的控制属性：

UIViewContentModeScale{ToFill,AspectFill,AspectFit} // bit stretching/shrinking

分别是填充，内容填充，内容适应。 toFill是默认的模式，它会自动缩放像素点填满新的空间，可能会造成图形扭曲。

3、

@property (nonatomic) CGRect contentStretch;

指定某一个区域拉伸

初始化一个UIView.

2、协议procotol

@protocol Foo <Other, NSObject> // implementors must implement Other and NSObject too
- (void)doSomething; // implementors must implement this (methods are @required by default) 
@optional
- (int)getSomething; // implementors do not have to implement this
- (void)doSomethingOptionalWithArgument:(NSString *)argument; // also optional
@required
- (NSArray *)getManySomethings:(int)howMany; // back to being “must implement” 
@property (nonatomic, strong) NSString *fooProp; // note that you must specify strength
@end

可以定义在自己的头文件里，也可以定义在其他类的头文件中。

实现协议，并使用的语法：

#import “Foo.h” // importing the header file that declares the Foo @protocol 
@interface MyClass : NSObject <Foo> // MyClass is saying it implements the Foo @protocol
...
@en

id <Foo> obj = [[MyClass alloc] init];

@property (nonatomic, weak) id <Foo> myFooProperty; // properties too!

协议的主要作用：

实现委托和数据源。
委托几乎都是weak的，因为被设置为委托的对象通常都是委托对象的所有者或创建者。

比如controller通常把自己设置成view的委托或数据源，你不要它们相互的strong指针指向。

scrollView例子

@protocol UIScrollViewDelegate
@optional
- (UIView *)viewForZoomingInScrollView:(UIScrollView *)sender;
- (void)scrollViewDidEndDragging:(UIScrollView *)sender willDecelerate:(BOOL)decelerate;
@end
@interface UIScrollView : UIView
@property (nonatomic, weak) id <UIScrollViewDelegate> delegate;
@end
@interface MyViewController : UIViewController <UIScrollViewDelegate>
@property (nonatomic, weak) IBOutlet UIScrollView *scrollView;
@end
@implementation MyViewController
- (void)setScrollView:(UIScrollView *)scrollView {
    _scrollView = scrollView;
self.scrollView.delegate = self; // compiler won’t complain 
}
- (UIView *)viewForZoomingInScrollView:(UIScrollView *)sender { return ... }; 
@end

3、手势识别

如何获得触摸事件呢？

得到触摸时间的通知

相应预定义好的手势

UIGestureRecognizer类，它是个抽象类，需要实现。

使用手势识别有两步骤:

先创建一个手势，把它附到UIView上，然后当手势被识别时进行处理。

第一步由controller来完成

第二步由UIView自己完成

从controller添加一个手势到UIView：

- (void)setPannableView:(UIView *)pannableView
      {
          _pannableView = pannableView;
          UIPanGestureRecognizer *pangr =
              [[UIPanGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:pannableView action:@selector(pan:)];
          [pannableView addGestureRecognizer:pangr];
}

target 是手势识别之后的处理者，这里就是view本身。

UIPangestureRecognizer的三个方法：

- (CGPoint)translationInView:(UIView *)aView;
- (CGPoint)velocityInView:(UIView *)aView;
- (void)setTranslation:(CGPoint)translation inView:(UIView *)aView;

第一个告诉移动的距离

第二个告诉移动的速度

第三个是重新设置

手势识别的状态机

@property (readonly) UIGestureRecognizerState state;

状态从possible  如果手势比较短：recognized    如果持续：Began - Changed  ,最后Ended

还有Failed 和 Cancelled状态，取消或其他操作中断时会有这个情况。

pan:是什么样的呢：

- (void)pan:(UIPanGestureRecognizer *)recognizer
{
if ((recognizer.state == UIGestureRecognizerStateChanged) ||
(recognizer.state == UIGestureRecognizerStateEnded)) {
   CGPoint translation = [recognizer translationInView:self];
   // move something in myself (I’m a UIView) by translation.x and translation.y
   // for example, if I were a graph and my origin was set by an @property called origin 
  self.origin = CGPointMake(self.origin.x+translation.x, self.origin.y+translation.y); 
  [recognizer setTranslation:CGPointZero inView:self];
  } 
}

其他实例的手势：

UIPinchGestureRecognizer 缩放

UIRotationGestureRecognizer 旋转手势，两个手指按下，然后旋转，是个弧度，不是角度。

UISwipeGestureRecognizer    滑动手势， 一个或多个手指滑动，

UITapGestureRecognizer  点击手势

4、一个幸福笑脸的Demo:

内容介绍：

Model是： int happiness

View是：自定义的view叫做FaceView

Controller是：HappinessViewController

观察内容有：

drawRect 包括绘制子程序， pop push context(环境)

Faceview委托的数据如何属于Controller的协议。

Controller处理手势，或者view处理手势

通过手势来改变幸福度。

用整数表示幸福度， 0表示悲伤， 100表示非常幸福。

有两个手势，一个被view处理，因为它只修改显示，另外一个被controller处理，它要修改model,修改幸福度。

主要源码：

happinessViewController.h

#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>

@interface HappinessViewController : UIViewController

@property (nonatomic) int happiness;  // 0 is sad; 100 is very happy

@end

happinessViewController.m

#import "HappinessViewController.h"
#import "FaceView.h"

@interface HappinessViewController() <FaceViewDataSource>
@property (nonatomic, weak) IBOutlet FaceView *faceView;
@end

@implementation HappinessViewController

@synthesize happiness = _happiness;
@synthesize faceView = _faceView;

- (void)setHappiness:(int)happiness
{
    _happiness = happiness;
    [self.faceView setNeedsDisplay]; // any time our Model changes, redraw our View
}

- (void)setFaceView:(FaceView *)faceView
{
    _faceView = faceView;
    // enable pinch gestures in the FaceView using its pinch: handler
    [self.faceView addGestureRecognizer:[[UIPinchGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:self.faceView action:@selector(pinch:)]];
    [self.faceView addGestureRecognizer:[[UIPanGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:self action:@selector(handleHappinessGesture:)]];  // gesture to modify our Model
    self.faceView.dataSource = self;
}

- (void)handleHappinessGesture:(UIPanGestureRecognizer *)gesture
{
    if ((gesture.state == UIGestureRecognizerStateChanged) ||
        (gesture.state == UIGestureRecognizerStateEnded)) {
        CGPoint translation = [gesture translationInView:self.faceView];
        self.happiness -= translation.y / 2;
        [gesture setTranslation:CGPointZero inView:self.faceView];
    }
}

- (float)smileForFaceView:(FaceView *)sender
{
    return (self.happiness - 50) / 50.0; // translate Model for View
}

- (BOOL)shouldAutorotateToInterfaceOrientation:(UIInterfaceOrientation)toInterfaceOrientation
{
    return YES; // support all orientations
}

@end

FaceView.h

#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>

@class FaceView;  // forward declaration for use in @protocol

@protocol FaceViewDataSource
- (float)smileForFaceView:(FaceView *)sender;
@end

@interface FaceView : UIView

@property (nonatomic) CGFloat scale;

- (void)pinch:(UIPinchGestureRecognizer *)gesture;  // resizes the face

// set this property to whatever object will provide this View's data
// usually a Controller using a FaceView in its View
@property (nonatomic, weak) IBOutlet id <FaceViewDataSource> dataSource;

@end

FaceView.m

#import "FaceView.h"

@implementation FaceView

@synthesize dataSource = _dataSource;
@synthesize scale = _scale;

#define DEFAULT_SCALE 0.90

- (CGFloat)scale
{
    if (!_scale) {
        return DEFAULT_SCALE; // don't allow zero scale
    } else {
        return _scale;
    }
}

- (void)setScale:(CGFloat)scale
{
    if (scale != _scale) {
        _scale = scale;
        [self setNeedsDisplay]; // any time our scale changes, call for redraw
    }
}

- (void)pinch:(UIPinchGestureRecognizer *)gesture
{
    if ((gesture.state == UIGestureRecognizerStateChanged) ||
        (gesture.state == UIGestureRecognizerStateEnded)) {
        self.scale *= gesture.scale; // adjust our scale
        gesture.scale = 1;           // reset gestures scale to 1 (so future changes are incremental, not cumulative)
    }
}

- (void)setup
{
    self.contentMode = UIViewContentModeRedraw; // if our bounds changes, redraw ourselves
}

- (void)awakeFromNib
{
    [self setup]; // get initialized when we come out of a storyboard
}

- (id)initWithFrame:(CGRect)frame
{
    self = [super initWithFrame:frame];
    if (self) {
        [self setup]; // get initialized if someone uses alloc/initWithFrame: to create us
    }
    return self;
}

- (void)drawCircleAtPoint:(CGPoint)p withRadius:(CGFloat)radius inContext:(CGContextRef)context
{
    UIGraphicsPushContext(context);
    CGContextBeginPath(context);
    CGContextAddArc(context, p.x, p.y, radius, 0, 2*M_PI, YES); // 360 degree (0 to 2pi) arc
    CGContextStrokePath(context);
    UIGraphicsPopContext();
}

- (void)drawRect:(CGRect)rect
{
    CGContextRef context = UIGraphicsGetCurrentContext();
    
    CGPoint midPoint; // center of our bounds in our coordinate system
    midPoint.x = self.bounds.origin.x + self.bounds.size.width/2;
    midPoint.y = self.bounds.origin.y + self.bounds.size.height/2;
    
    CGFloat size = self.bounds.size.width / 2;
    if (self.bounds.size.height < self.bounds.size.width) size = self.bounds.size.height / 2;
    size *= self.scale; // scale is percentage of full view size
    
    CGContextSetLineWidth(context, 5.0);
    [[UIColor blueColor] setStroke];
    
    [self drawCircleAtPoint:midPoint withRadius:size inContext:context]; // head
    
#define EYE_H 0.35
#define EYE_V 0.35
#define EYE_RADIUS 0.10
    
    CGPoint eyePoint;
    eyePoint.x = midPoint.x - size * EYE_H;
    eyePoint.y = midPoint.y - size * EYE_V;
    
    [self drawCircleAtPoint:eyePoint withRadius:size * EYE_RADIUS inContext:context]; // left eye
    eyePoint.x += size * EYE_H * 2;
    [self drawCircleAtPoint:eyePoint withRadius:size * EYE_RADIUS inContext:context]; // right eye

#define MOUTH_H 0.45
#define MOUTH_V 0.40
#define MOUTH_SMILE 0.25
    
    CGPoint mouthStart;
    mouthStart.x = midPoint.x - MOUTH_H * size;
    mouthStart.y = midPoint.y + MOUTH_V * size;
    CGPoint mouthEnd = mouthStart;
    mouthEnd.x += MOUTH_H * size * 2;
    CGPoint mouthCP1 = mouthStart;
    mouthCP1.x += MOUTH_H * size * 2/3;
    CGPoint mouthCP2 = mouthEnd;
    mouthCP2.x -= MOUTH_H * size * 2/3;
    
    float smile = [self.dataSource smileForFaceView:self];
    if (smile < -1) smile = -1;
    if (smile > 1) smile = 1;
    
    CGFloat smileOffset = MOUTH_SMILE * size * smile;
    mouthCP1.y += smileOffset;
    mouthCP2.y += smileOffset;
    
    CGContextBeginPath(context);
    CGContextMoveToPoint(context, mouthStart.x, mouthStart.y);
    CGContextAddCurveToPoint(context, mouthCP1.x, mouthCP2.y, mouthCP2.x, mouthCP2.y, mouthEnd.x, mouthEnd.y); // bezier curve
    CGContextStrokePath(context);
}

@end

容芳志 (http://blog.csdn.net/totogo2010)

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