Android API之CameraPreview

@SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
public class CameraPreview extends Activity {

    private Preview mPreview;
    Camera mCamera;
    int numberOfCameras;
    int cameraCurrentlyLocked;
    int defaultCameraId;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        //设置全屏显示
        requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_NO_TITLE);
        getWindow().addFlags(WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_FULLSCREEN);
        //初始化界面
        mPreview = new Preview(this);
        setContentView(mPreview);
        //找到可用的相机数量
        numberOfCameras = Camera.getNumberOfCameras();

        // 查找默认相机的标识
        CameraInfo cameraInfo = new CameraInfo();
        for (int i = 0; i < numberOfCameras; i++) {
            Camera.getCameraInfo(i, cameraInfo);
            if (cameraInfo.facing == CameraInfo.CAMERA_FACING_BACK) {
                defaultCameraId = i;
            }
        }
    }

    @Override
    protected void onResume() {
        super.onResume();

        // 打开默认的即第一个后置摄像头。
        mCamera = Camera.open();
        cameraCurrentlyLocked = defaultCameraId;
        mPreview.setCamera(mCamera);
    }

    @Override
    protected void onPause() {
        super.onPause();
        //不使用地时候需要释放 资源
        if (mCamera != null) {
            mPreview.setCamera(null);
            mCamera.release();
            mCamera = null;
        }
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
        MenuInflater inflater = getMenuInflater();
        inflater.inflate(R.menu.camera_menu, menu);
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
        switch (item.getItemId()) {
        case R.id.switch_cam:
            if (numberOfCameras == 1) {
                AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(this);
                builder.setMessage(this.getString(R.string.camera_alert))
                        .setNeutralButton("Close", null);
                AlertDialog alert = builder.create();
                alert.show();
                return true;
            }

            if (mCamera != null) {
                mCamera.stopPreview();
                mPreview.setCamera(null);
                mCamera.release();
                mCamera = null;
            }

            mCamera = Camera
                    .open((cameraCurrentlyLocked + 1) % numberOfCameras);
            cameraCurrentlyLocked = (cameraCurrentlyLocked + 1)
                    % numberOfCameras;
            mPreview.switchCamera(mCamera);

            mCamera.startPreview();
            return true;
        default:
            return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
        }
    }
}


/**
 * 自定义 ViewGroup:简单的包装在一个摄像头和一个图形渲染一个中心预览相机表面。
 * 我们利用SurfaceView来处理预览，因为并不是所有的设备有摄像头，支持预览大小相同的纵横比为设备的显示。
 */
@SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
class Preview extends ViewGroup implements SurfaceHolder.Callback {
    private final String TAG = "Preview";
    // 预览画面的SurfaceView
    SurfaceView mSurfaceView;
    // SurfaceHolder接:控制surface的大小和格式， 在surface上编辑像素及监视surace的改变等 。
    SurfaceHolder mHolder;
    // 预览画面的大小
    Size mPreviewSize;
    List<Size> mSupportedPreviewSizes;
    // 相机
    Camera mCamera;

    Preview(Context context) {
        super(context);
        mSurfaceView = new SurfaceView(context);
        //添加View
        addView(mSurfaceView);
        //初始化SurfaceHolder
        mHolder = mSurfaceView.getHolder();
        //绑定监听接口
        mHolder.addCallback(this);
        //设置类型
        //SURFACE_TYPE_PUSH_BUFFERS表明该Surface不包含原生数据，Surface用到的数据由其他对象提供，
        //在Camera图像预览中就使用该类型的Surface，有Camera负责提供给预览Surface数据，这样图像预览会比较流畅
        //http://www.jcodecraeer.com/a/anzhuokaifa/androidkaifa/2012/1201/656.html
        mHolder.setType(SurfaceHolder.SURFACE_TYPE_PUSH_BUFFERS);
    }

    // 相机设置
    public void setCamera(Camera camera) {
        mCamera = camera;
        if (mCamera != null) {
            // 获取摄像头所支持的所有分辨率
            mSupportedPreviewSizes = mCamera.getParameters()
                    .getSupportedPreviewSizes();
            requestLayout();
        }
    }

    public void switchCamera(Camera camera) {
        setCamera(camera);
        try {
            //设置预览展示
            camera.setPreviewDisplay(mHolder);
        } catch (IOException exception) {
            Log.e(TAG, "IOException caused by setPreviewDisplay()", exception);
        }
        //获取相机配置 参数 
        Camera.Parameters parameters = camera.getParameters();
        //设置预览大小
        parameters.setPreviewSize(mPreviewSize.width, mPreviewSize.height);
        requestLayout();
        //给相机设置参数
        camera.setParameters(parameters);
    }

    @Override
    protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
        //摄像头不是所有随便的(w, h)都能够认识的，所以在onMeasure()方法中进行处理
        final int width = resolveSize(getSuggestedMinimumWidth(),
                widthMeasureSpec);
        final int height = resolveSize(getSuggestedMinimumHeight(),
                heightMeasureSpec);
        setMeasuredDimension(width, height);
        if (mSupportedPreviewSizes != null) {
            mPreviewSize = getOptimalPreviewSize(mSupportedPreviewSizes, width,
                    height);
        }
    }

    @Override
    protected void onLayout(boolean changed, int l, int t, int r, int b) {
        if (changed && getChildCount() > 0) {
            final View child = getChildAt(0);

            final int width = r - l;
            final int height = b - t;

            int previewWidth = width;
            int previewHeight = height;
            if (mPreviewSize != null) {
                previewWidth = mPreviewSize.width;
                previewHeight = mPreviewSize.height;
            }


            if (width * previewHeight > height * previewWidth) {
                final int scaledChildWidth = previewWidth * height
                        / previewHeight;
                child.layout((width - scaledChildWidth) / 2, 0,
                        (width + scaledChildWidth) / 2, height);
            } else {
                final int scaledChildHeight = previewHeight * width
                        / previewWidth;
                child.layout(0, (height - scaledChildHeight) / 2, width,
                        (height + scaledChildHeight) / 2);
            }
        }
    }

    public void surfaceCreated(SurfaceHolder holder) {

        try {
            if (mCamera != null) {
                mCamera.setPreviewDisplay(holder);
            }
        } catch (IOException exception) {
            Log.e(TAG, "IOException caused by setPreviewDisplay()", exception);
        }
    }

    public void surfaceDestroyed(SurfaceHolder holder) {

        if (mCamera != null) {
            mCamera.stopPreview();
        }
    }

    //获取最佳的拍照或录像预览窗口大小 
    private Size getOptimalPreviewSize(List<Size> sizes, int w, int h) {
        final double ASPECT_TOLERANCE = 0.1;
        double targetRatio = (double) w / h;
        if (sizes == null)
            return null;

        Size optimalSize = null;
        double minDiff = Double.MAX_VALUE;

        int targetHeight = h;

        // 试着找到一个尺寸匹配的纵横比和尺寸
        for (Size size : sizes) {
            double ratio = (double) size.width / size.height;
            if (Math.abs(ratio - targetRatio) > ASPECT_TOLERANCE)
                continue;
            if (Math.abs(size.height - targetHeight) < minDiff) {
                optimalSize = size;
                minDiff = Math.abs(size.height - targetHeight);
            }
        }

        // 找不到一个匹配的纵横比，进行处理
        if (optimalSize == null) {
            minDiff = Double.MAX_VALUE;
            for (Size size : sizes) {
                if (Math.abs(size.height - targetHeight) < minDiff) {
                    optimalSize = size;
                    minDiff = Math.abs(size.height - targetHeight);
                }
            }
        }
        return optimalSize;
    }

    public void surfaceChanged(SurfaceHolder holder, int format, int w, int h) {
        //预览大小是已知的，设置相机参数，并开始预览。
        Camera.Parameters parameters = mCamera.getParameters();
        parameters.setPreviewSize(mPreviewSize.width, mPreviewSize.height);
        requestLayout();
        mCamera.setParameters(parameters);
        mCamera.startPreview();
    }

}