[iOS]数据持久化-沙盒存储

一．沙盒机制
1.  每个应用程序位于文件系统的严格限制部分
2.  每个应用程序只能在为该程序创建的文件系统中读取文件
3.  每个应用程序在ios系统内都放在了统一的文件目录下
4.  沙盒路径的位置
1.  通过Finder查找程序沙盒相对路径
~/Library/ApplicationSupport/iPhone Simulator
2.  通过代码查找程序沙盒相对路径
NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSSearchPathDirectorydirectory, NSSearchPathDomainMask domainMask, BOOL expandTilde)

参数1：要搜索哪个文件夹（Document文件夹，tmp文件夹，Library文件夹）

参数2：获得iphone用户文件夹（固定为NSUserDomainMask）

参数3：YES（绝对路径）NO（相对路径）

// 获取沙盒路径
    NSArray *paths =  NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES);

简单对象的读写

- (void)writeString
{
    // 获取路径
    NSArray *path = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES);
    NSLog(@"path == %@",path);
    // 取出路径
    NSString *str = [path objectAtIndex:0];
    
    // 字符串拼接 创建文件 text.txt
    str = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@%@",str,@"/text.txt"];
    
    // 要写入的字符串
    NSString *value = @"蓝翔与杀马特的爱情史";
    
    // 写入文件
    NSError *error = nil;
    [value writeToFile:str atomically:YES encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding error:&error];
    
    if (error) {
        NSLog(@"error == %@",error);
    }
}
#pragma mark - NSString 读取
- (void)readString
{
    NSError *error = nil;
    NSString *fileName = @"/text.txt";
    NSArray *pathArray = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES);
    NSString *path = [pathArray objectAtIndex:0];
    
    path = [path stringByAppendingString:fileName];
    
    NSString *str = [NSString stringWithContentsOfFile:path encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding error:&error];
    if (error) {
        NSLog(@"error == %@",error);
    }
    NSLog(@"str == %@",str);
}

复杂对象的读写

1.复杂对象遵循NSCoding协议

student.h

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
      // 1. 要存储对象 ， 需要要遵循 NSCoding 协议
@interface Student : NSObject <NSCoding>

@property (nonatomic,retain) NSString *name;
@property (nonatomic,retain) NSString *sex;
@property (nonatomic,assign) NSInteger age;

- (id)initWithName:(NSString *)name sex:(NSString *)sex age:(NSInteger)age;
+ (id)studentWithName:(NSString *)name sex:(NSString *)sex age:(NSInteger)age;
@end

2.重写NSCoding的两个方法

- (void)encodeWithCoder:(NSCoder *)aCoder;
- (id)initWithCoder:(NSCoder *)aDecoder;

student.m

#import "Student.h"

@implementation Student
-(void)dealloc
{
    [_name release];
    [_sex release];
    _name = nil;
    _sex = nil;
    [super dealloc];
}
- (id)initWithName:(NSString *)name sex:(NSString *)sex age:(NSInteger)age
{
    if (self = [super init]) {
        self.name = name;
        self.sex = sex;
        self.age = age;
    }
    return self;
}
+ (id)studentWithName:(NSString *)name sex:(NSString *)sex age:(NSInteger)age
{
    Student *stu = [[Student alloc] initWithName:name sex:sex age:age];
    return [stu autorelease];
}
#pragma mark - NSCoding 协议必须实现的两个方法

#pragma mark - 归档协议（序列化协议）对象---》二进制
- (void)encodeWithCoder:(NSCoder *)aCoder
{
    //
    [aCoder encodeObject:self.name forKey:@"name"];
    [aCoder encodeObject:self.sex forKey:@"sex"];
    
    NSNumber *num = [NSNumber numberWithInt:self.age];
    [aCoder encodeObject:num forKey:@"age"];
    
}
#pragma mark - 解档(反序列化)   二进制---》对象
- (id)initWithCoder:(NSCoder *)aDecoder
{
    if (self = [super init]) {
        self.name = [aDecoder decodeObjectForKey:@"name"];
        self.sex = [aDecoder decodeObjectForKey:@"sex"];
        NSNumber *num = [aDecoder decodeObjectForKey:@"age"];
        self.age = [num intValue];
    }
    return self;
}
-(NSString *)description
{
    return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"姓名：%@，性别：%@，年龄：%d",_name,_sex,_age];
}
@end

MainViewController.m

#pragma mark - 复杂类型对象存储 ******************************************************************
//归档，即将自己创建的model类对象，转换为二进制格式，通过二进制格式进行存储。
- (void)archiveObject
{
    Student *stu = [Student studentWithName:@"蓝翔" sex:@"女" age:16];
    
    //归档，即将自己创建的model类对象，转换为二进制格式，通过二进制格式进行存储。
    NSData *data = [NSKeyedArchiver archivedDataWithRootObject:stu];
    
    NSArray *paths = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES);
    NSString *str = [paths firstObject];
    str = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@/student",str];
    
    [data writeToFile:str atomically:YES];


}
// 解档，将归档后的二进制文件解档为相对应的model类型对象
- (void)unarchiveObject
{
    // 解档，将归档后的二进制文件解档为相对应的model类型对象
    NSArray *paths = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES);
    NSString *str = [paths firstObject];
    str = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@/student",str];
    
    NSData *data = [NSData dataWithContentsOfFile:str];
    
    Student *model = [NSKeyedUnarchiver unarchiveObjectWithData:data];
    NSLog(@"%@",model);
}

其它信息的存储方法

#pragma mark - 二进制存储 ************************
- (void)writeData
{
    NSArray *arr = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES);
    NSString *str = [arr firstObject];
    str = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@/data",str];
    
    NSString *value = @"蓝翔被菊爆啦，听说没";
    
    // 转换成Data类型 二进制编码格式
    NSData *data = [value dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
    // 写入文件
    [data writeToFile:str atomically:YES];
    
}
- (void)readData
{
    NSArray *arr = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES);
    NSString *str = [arr firstObject];
    str = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@/data",str];
    
    NSData *data = [NSData dataWithContentsOfFile:str];
    NSLog(@"data =  %@",data);
    
    NSString *value = [[NSString alloc] initWithData:data encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
    NSLog(@"string =  %@",value);
}
#pragma mark - 轻量级存储
#pragma mark - 存储登陆等信息
- (void)userDefaultsWrite
{
    // 单例对象
    NSUserDefaults *defaults = [NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults];
    
    [defaults setObject:@"蓝翔" forKey:@"name"];
    
    // 同步存储 默认异步
    [defaults synchronize];
    
}
#pragma mark - 获取存储登陆等信息 ******************************************************************
- (void)readUserDefaults
{
    NSString *value = [[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] objectForKey:@"name"];
    NSLog(@"%@",value);
    // 任何地方都可以写
}