网络设备的IP地址结构

1) 在TCPIP协议环境下,
网络设备结构(net_device)具有一个ip_ptr指针指向IP协议的设备参数块(in_device),
它包含设备IP地址结构(in_ifaddr)的链表指针(ifa_list).
IP地址结构链可以为一个网络设备配置多个IP地址,
使得局域网中的单台主机能模拟多台主机的作用.

(2) 设备IP地址的配置由应用程序通过ioctl()系统调用使用ifreq参数结构来完成.
同一设备的不同IP地址用不同的设备别名来标识,
例如"eth0:1"和"eth0:2"分别代表设备eht0的两个地址. 当增加一个别名设备时,
如果它的地址与已有地址属于同一子网, 则它的地址被标记为"从属"(IFA_F_SECONDARY).
当设备最后一个别名被删除时, 设备的IP参数块将被释放.设备地址参数发生改变时,
将通过地址消息链(inetaddr_chain)向有关子系统发送通知消息,
例如路由子系统用来刷新转发表和路由缓冲表.

struct net_device
{
...
void *ip_ptr; /* IPv4 specific data */
...
}
struct in_device
{
struct net_device *dev;
atomic_t refcnt;
rwlock_t lock;
int dead;
struct in_ifaddr *ifa_list; /* IP ifaddr chain */
struct ip_mc_list *mc_list; /* IP multicast filter chain */
unsigned long mr_v1_seen;
struct neigh_parms *arp_parms;
struct ipv4_devconf cnf;
};
struct in_ifaddr
{
struct in_ifaddr *ifa_next;
struct in_device *ifa_dev;
u32 ifa_local; 设备地址
u32 ifa_address; 点对点设备的对端地址
u32 ifa_mask; 网络地址掩码
u32 ifa_broadcast; 设备的广播地址
u32 ifa_anycast;
unsigned char ifa_scope; 设备地址的寻址范围
unsigned char ifa_flags; 地址标志
unsigned char ifa_prefixlen; 设备网络地址长度
char ifa_label[IFNAMSIZ]; 设备IP地址标签
};

/*
* Interface request structure used for socket
* ioctl's. All interface ioctl's must have parameter
* definitions which begin with ifr_name. The
* remainder may be interface specific.
*/

struct ifreq
{
#define IFHWADDRLEN 6
#define IFNAMSIZ 16
union
{
char ifrn_name[IFNAMSIZ]; /* if name, e.g. "en0" */
} ifr_ifrn;

union {
struct sockaddr ifru_addr;
struct sockaddr ifru_dstaddr;
struct sockaddr ifru_broadaddr;
struct sockaddr ifru_netmask;
struct sockaddr ifru_hwaddr;
short ifru_flags;
int ifru_ivalue;
int ifru_mtu;
struct ifmap ifru_map;
char ifru_slave[IFNAMSIZ]; /* Just fits the size */
char ifru_newname[IFNAMSIZ];
char * ifru_data;
} ifr_ifru;
};

; net/ipv4/devinet.c:

int devinet_ioctl(unsigned int cmd, void *arg)
{
struct ifreq ifr;
struct sockaddr_in *sin = (struct sockaddr_in *)&ifr.ifr_addr;
struct in_device *in_dev;
struct in_ifaddr **ifap = NULL;
struct in_ifaddr *ifa = NULL;
struct net_device *dev;
char *colon;
int ret = 0;

/*
* Fetch the caller's info block into kernel space
*/

if (copy_from_user(&ifr, arg, sizeof(struct ifreq)))
return -EFAULT;
ifr.ifr_name[IFNAMSIZ-1] = 0;

colon = strchr(ifr.ifr_name, ':'); 从设备地址标签中取设备名称
if (colon)
*colon = 0;

#ifdef CONFIG_KMOD
dev_load(ifr.ifr_name); 加载相应名称的设备驱动模块
#endif

switch(cmd) {
case SIOCGIFADDR: /* Get interface address */
case SIOCGIFBRDADDR: /* Get the broadcast address */
case SIOCGIFDSTADDR: /* Get the destination address */
case SIOCGIFNETMASK: /* Get the netmask for the interface */