AsyncTask-异步任务

最新推荐文章于 2018-08-28 14:08:35 发布

Sgolsen

最新推荐文章于 2018-08-28 14:08:35 发布

阅读量1.1k

点赞数

分类专栏： Android

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/u010037865/article/details/51985822

版权

Android 专栏收录该内容

8 篇文章 0 订阅

订阅专栏

AsyncTask是android 1.5提供的轻量级的异步类,可以直接继承AsyncTask,在类中实现异步操作,并提供接口反馈当前异步执行的程度(可以通过接口实现UI进度更新),最后反馈执行的结果给UI主线程。

优点：简单快捷、过程可控

AsyncTask的使用步骤：

1 添加一个类，继承AsyncTask，并设置相应参数
2 重写四个方法
onPreExecute() 该方法将在执行后台操作前会被UI线程调用。可以在该方法中做一些准备工作，如在界面

上显示一个进度对话框(ProgressDialog)

doInBackground(Params...) 将在onPreExecute 方法执行后马上执行，该方法运行在后台线程中。

负责执行耗时操作。可以在该方法中调用publishProgress方法来通知UI线程更新实时的任务进度

onProgressUpdate(Progress...)在publishProgress方法被调用后，UI 线程将调用本方法更新进度
onPostExecute(Result)在doInBackground 执行完成后，本方法将被UI 线程调用，在此方法中更新UI界面

AsyncTask的参数说明：

AsyncTask是一个抽象类. 它需要三种泛型类型的参数,Params，Progress和Result
Params 启动任务执行的输入参数，比如HTTP请求的URL。一般用String类型
Progress 后台任务执行的百分比。一般用Integer类型,不需要更新进度的时候用Void(大写字母V)
Result 后台执行任务最终返回的结果，一般用byte[ ]或者String

案例一：模拟下载

import android.os.AsyncTask;
import android.util.Log;
import android.widget.ProgressBar;
import android.widget.TextView;

/**
 * 异步任务类 泛型参数 1 Params 参数 String（网址） 2 Progress 进度 Integer 3 Result 结果 byte[]
 * String Bitmap List<String>
 * 
 * @author Administrator
 * 
 */
public class LoadAsyncTask extends AsyncTask<String, Integer, String> {

	// 异步任务操作的控件

	private ProgressBar pb1;
	private TextView tv_info;

	public LoadAsyncTask(ProgressBar pb1, TextView tv_info) {
		super();
		this.pb1 = pb1;
		this.tv_info = tv_info;
	}

	/**
	 * 预先执行的方法 准备工作 主线程执行
	 */
	@Override
	protected void onPreExecute() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		super.onPreExecute();
		Log.i("LoadAsyncTask", "onPreExecute执行了......"
				+ Thread.currentThread().getName());
		tv_info.setText("开始下载");
		pb1.setMax(100);
	}

	/**
	 * 后台执行的方法 子线程(工作线程worker thread)执行
	 */
	@Override
	protected String doInBackground(String... params) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		Log.i("LoadAsyncTask", "doInBackground执行了......"
				+ Thread.currentThread().getName());
		for (int i = 0; i <= 100; i++) {
			try {
				Thread.sleep(200);
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				// TODO Auto-generated catch block
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
			// 发布进度i（每次都放到values数组中的第一个元素）
			publishProgress(i);
		}

		return "OK";
	}

	/**
	 * 进度更新方法（主线程执行）
	 */
	@Override
	protected void onProgressUpdate(Integer... values) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		super.onProgressUpdate(values);
		Log.i("LoadAsyncTask", "onProgressUpdate执行了......"
				+ Thread.currentThread().getName());
		pb1.setProgress(values[0]);
		tv_info.setText(values[0] + "%");

	}

	/**
	 * 处理结果的方法（主线程执行）
	 */
	@Override
	protected void onPostExecute(String result) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		super.onPostExecute(result);
		Log.i("LoadAsyncTask", "onPostExecute执行了......"
				+ Thread.currentThread().getName());
		tv_info.setText("下载完毕" + result);
	}
}

public class MainActivity extends Activity {

	private ProgressBar pb1;
	private TextView tv_info;

	@Override
	protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
		setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
		// 初始化控件
		pb1 = (ProgressBar) this.findViewById(R.id.pb1);
		tv_info = (TextView) this.findViewById(R.id.tv_info);
	}

	public void btn_load(View view) {
		// 执行异步任务
		// 1创建异步任务对象
		LoadAsyncTask task = new LoadAsyncTask(pb1, tv_info);
		// 2执行
		task.execute("网址");

	}

}

运行结果：

案例二：利用异步任务,从网络上读取一个网页的内容并显示在TextView中

import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;

/**
 * Http工具类
 * 
 * @author Administrator
 * 
 */
public class HttpUtils {

	/**
	 * 网络请求
	 * 
	 * @param urlpath
	 * @return
	 */
	public static byte[] request(String urlpath) {
		ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null;
		try {
			// 1创建URL对象
			URL url = new URL(urlpath);
			// 2调用openConnnection方法返回UrlConnection
			HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) url
					.openConnection();
			// 3设置请求参数
			// 连接超时时间
			connection.setConnectTimeout(10000);
			// 读取超时时间
			connection.setReadTimeout(10000);
			// 4连接
			connection.connect();
			// 5处理请求结果
			if (connection.getResponseCode() == 200) {
				InputStream is = connection.getInputStream();
				baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
				byte[] buf = new byte[1024 * 4];
				int len = 0;
				while ((len = is.read(buf)) != -1) {
					baos.write(buf, 0, len);
				}
				is.close();
				return baos.toByteArray();

			}
		} catch (Exception e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		return null;
	}

}

import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;

import android.app.ProgressDialog;
import android.content.Context;
import android.os.AsyncTask;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.widget.Toast;

import com.qf.day07_asynctaskdemo2.utils.HttpUtils;

public class LoadpageAsyncTask extends AsyncTask<String, Void, String> {

	// 文本框
	private TextView tv_content;
	// 进度对话框
	private ProgressDialog pd;
	// 上下文
	private Context context;

	public LoadpageAsyncTask(TextView tv_content, Context context) {
		super();
		this.tv_content = tv_content;
		this.context = context;
		// 初始化pd
		pd = new ProgressDialog(context);
		// 设置属性
		pd.setMessage("正在玩命加载中...");
		// 设置标题
		pd.setTitle("提示");
		// 设置图标
		pd.setIcon(R.drawable.ic_launcher);
	}

	@Override
	protected void onPreExecute() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		super.onPreExecute();
		// 显示对话框
		pd.show();

	}

	@Override
	protected String doInBackground(String... params) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		// 网址
		String url = params[0];
		byte[] b = HttpUtils.request(url);
		String str = null;
		if (b != null) {
			try {
				str = new String(b, "utf-8");
			} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
				// TODO Auto-generated catch block
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
		return str;
	}

	@Override
	protected void onPostExecute(String result) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		super.onPostExecute(result);
		if (result != null) {
			tv_content.setText(result);
		} else {
			Toast.makeText(context, "网络有异常....", 0).show();
		}

		// 关闭对话框
		pd.dismiss();

	}

}

import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.TextView;

public class MainActivity extends Activity {

	private TextView tv_content;

	@Override
	protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
		setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
		tv_content = (TextView) this.findViewById(R.id.tv_content);
	}

	public void btn_loadpage(View view) {
		// 1创建异步任务对象
		LoadpageAsyncTask task = new LoadpageAsyncTask(tv_content, this);
		// 2执行
		task.execute("http://m.baidu.com");
	}
}

运行结果：

案例三：利用异步任务从网络上读取一个图片并显示到ImageView中

import android.app.ProgressDialog;
import android.content.Context;
import android.graphics.Bitmap;
import android.graphics.BitmapFactory;
import android.os.AsyncTask;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.Toast;

import com.qf.day07_asynctaskdemo3.utils.HttpUtils;

public class LoadImageAsyncTask extends AsyncTask<String, Void, byte[]> {

	// 控件
	private ImageView iv;
	private Context context;
	private ProgressDialog pd;

	public LoadImageAsyncTask(ImageView iv, Context context) {
		super();
		this.iv = iv;
		this.context = context;
		this.pd = new ProgressDialog(context);
		pd.setMessage("玩命加载中....");
		pd.setTitle("提示");
		pd.setIcon(R.drawable.ic_launcher);
		// 阻止返回键关闭对话框
		pd.setCancelable(false);

	}

	@Override
	protected void onPreExecute() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		super.onPreExecute();
		pd.show();
	}

	@Override
	protected byte[] doInBackground(String... params) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub

		return HttpUtils.request(params[0]);
	}

	@Override
	protected void onPostExecute(byte[] result) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		super.onPostExecute(result);
		if (result != null) {
			// 把图片字节转化成图片
			Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeByteArray(result, 0,
					result.length);
			// 设置图片框
			iv.setImageBitmap(bitmap);
		} else {
			Toast.makeText(context, "网络有异常....", 0).show();
		}
		// 关闭对话框
		pd.dismiss();
	}
}

import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.ImageView;

public class MainActivity extends Activity {

	private ImageView iv;

	@Override
	protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
		setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
		iv = (ImageView) this.findViewById(R.id.iv);
	}

	public void btn_loadimage(View view) {
		// 1创建异步任务对象
		LoadImageAsyncTask task = new LoadImageAsyncTask(iv, this);
		// 2执行
		task.execute("http://h.hiphotos.baidu.com/image/pic/item/5bafa40f4bfbfbed9416b3957cf0f736aec31f88.jpg");
	}
}

运行结果：

案例四：获取网络JSON数据，并解析成List集合对象，填充到Spinner中

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import org.json.JSONArray;
import org.json.JSONException;
import org.json.JSONObject;

/**
 * 把json字符串解析成集合
 * 
 * @author Administrator
 * 
 */
public class JsonUtils {
	/**
	 * 把json字符串解析成集合
	 * 
	 * @param json
	 * @return
	 */
	public static List<String> getListFromJson(String json) {
		List<String> list;
		try {
			JSONObject root = new JSONObject(json);
			JSONArray array = root.getJSONArray("list");
			list = new ArrayList<String>();
			for (int i = 0; i < array.length(); i++) {
				JSONObject obj = array.getJSONObject(i);
				String name = obj.getString("name");
				list.add(name);
			}

			return list;

		} catch (JSONException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		return null;
	}
}

import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.util.List;

import android.content.Context;
import android.os.AsyncTask;
import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
import android.widget.Spinner;
import android.widget.Toast;

import com.qf.day07_asynctaskdemo4.utils.HttpUtils;
import com.qf.day07_asynctaskdemo4.utils.JsonUtils;

public class LoadJsonAsyncTask extends AsyncTask<String, Void, List<String>> {

	private Spinner sp_name;
	private Context context;

	public LoadJsonAsyncTask(Spinner sp_name, Context context) {
		super();
		this.sp_name = sp_name;
		this.context = context;
	}

	@Override
	protected List<String> doInBackground(String... params) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		byte[] b = HttpUtils.request(params[0]);
		List<String> list = null;
		if (b != null) {
			try {
				String json = new String(b, "utf-8");
				list = JsonUtils.getListFromJson(json);
			} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
				// TODO Auto-generated catch block
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
			return list;
		}
		return null;
	}

	@Override
	protected void onPostExecute(List<String> result) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		super.onPostExecute(result);
		if (result != null) {
			ArrayAdapter<String> adapter = new ArrayAdapter<String>(context,
					android.R.layout.simple_spinner_item, result);
			sp_name.setAdapter(adapter);
		} else {
			Toast.makeText(context, "网络有异常....", 0).show();
		}
	}

}

import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.widget.Spinner;

public class MainActivity extends Activity {

	private Spinner sp_name;

	@Override
	protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
		setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
		// 初始化控件
		sp_name = (Spinner) this.findViewById(R.id.sp_name);
		// 创建异步任务对象
		LoadJsonAsyncTask task = new LoadJsonAsyncTask(sp_name, this);
		task.execute("http://piao.163.com/m/movie/list.html?app_id=2&mobileType=iPhone&ver=2.5&channel=lede&deviceId=C1985DD9-0125-4AB5-B66B-B91A85824BBA&apiVer=11&city=110000");

	}
}

运行结果：

案例五：获取网络XML数据，并解析成List集合对象，填充到AutoCompleteTextView中

import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;

public class HttpUtils {

	public static InputStream getStream(String urlStr){
		try {
			URL url = new URL(urlStr);
			HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
			connection.setConnectTimeout(10000);
			connection.setReadTimeout(10000);
			connection.connect();
			if (connection.getResponseCode()==200) {
				return connection.getInputStream();
			}
		} catch (Exception e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		
		return null;
	}
}

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import org.xmlpull.v1.XmlPullParser;
import org.xmlpull.v1.XmlPullParserFactory;

public class XmlUtils {

	public static List<String> getData(InputStream is) {
		try {
			XmlPullParserFactory factory = XmlPullParserFactory.newInstance();
			XmlPullParser parser = factory.newPullParser();
			parser.setInput(is, "utf-8");
			int type = parser.getEventType();
			List<String> data = null;
			while(type!=XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT){
				switch (type) {
				case XmlPullParser.START_TAG:
					String tag = parser.getName();
					if (tag.equals("fruit")) {
						data = new ArrayList<String>();
					}else if(tag.equals("item")){
						String item = parser.nextText();
						data.add(item);
						
					}
					break;

				default:
					break;
					
				}
				type=parser.next();
			}
			return data;
		} catch (Exception e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}finally{
			if (is!=null) {
				try {
					is.close();
				} catch (IOException e) {
					// TODO Auto-generated catch block
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
			}
		}
		
		return null;
	}
}

import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.List;

import com.example.day07_asyntaskdemo5.utils.HttpUtils;
import com.example.day07_asyntaskdemo5.utils.XmlUtils;

import android.content.Context;
import android.os.AsyncTask;
import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
import android.widget.AutoCompleteTextView;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class XmlLoadAsyncTask extends AsyncTask<String, Void, List<String>> {

	private AutoCompleteTextView actv_fruit;
	private Context context;
	
	public XmlLoadAsyncTask(AutoCompleteTextView actv_fruit, Context context) {
		super();
		this.actv_fruit = actv_fruit;
		this.context = context;
	}
	@Override
	protected List<String> doInBackground(String... params) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		InputStream is=HttpUtils.getStream(params[0]);
		if (is!=null) {
			
			return XmlUtils.getData(is);
		}
		return null;
	}
	@Override
	protected void onPostExecute(List<String> result) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		super.onPostExecute(result);
		if (result!=null) {
			ArrayAdapter<String> adapter = new ArrayAdapter<String>(context, android.R.layout.simple_spinner_item,result);
			actv_fruit.setAdapter(adapter);
		}else {
			Toast.makeText(context, "网络或解析异常....", 0).show();
		}
	}

}

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.widget.AutoCompleteTextView;

public class MainActivity extends Activity {

	private AutoCompleteTextView actv_fruit;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        actv_fruit = (AutoCompleteTextView) findViewById(R.id.actv_fruit);
        XmlLoadAsyncTask task = new XmlLoadAsyncTask(actv_fruit, this);
        task.execute("http://10.0.172.124:8080/DataServer/fruit.xml");
    }


    @Override
    public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
        // Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present.
        getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.main, menu);
        return true;
    }
    
}

Sgolsen

关注

0
点赞
踩
2

收藏

觉得还不错? 一键收藏
0
评论
AsyncTask-异步任务

AsyncTask是android 1.5提供的轻量级的异步类,可以直接继承AsyncTask,在类中实现异步操作,并提供接口反馈当前异步执行的程度(可以通过接口实现UI进度更新),最后反馈执行的结果给UI主线程。优点：简单快捷、过程可控AsyncTask的使用步骤：1 添加一个类，继承AsyncTask，并设置相应参数2 重写四个方法onPreExecute() 该方法
复制链接

扫一扫