切片
L = list(range(100))
L = L[:10] #前十
L = L[-10:]# last 10
L = L[10:20:2]
L = L[::5]
>>> (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)[:3] ## 元祖
(0, 1, 2)
>>> 'ABCDEFG'[::2] ## 字符串
'ACEG'
遍历
for x in L: #list和tuple 字符串
print(x)
>>> for x, y in [(1, 1), (2, 4), (3, 9)]:
... print(x,'=',y) #同时引用两个元素
...
1 1
2 4
3 9
>>> d = {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}
for key in d #dict默认遍历key
for value in d.values() #遍历value
for k, v in d.items()
对list实现类似Java那样的下标循环
>>> for i, value in enumerate(['A', 'B', 'C']):
... print(i, value)
...
0 A
1 B
2 C
生成复杂列表(list)
>>> [x * x for x in range(1,11) if x % 2 == 0]
[4, 16, 36, 64, 100]
>>> [m+n for m in "ABC" for n in "XYZ"] ##排列组合
['AX', 'AY', 'AZ', 'BX', 'BY', 'BZ', 'CX', 'CY', 'CZ']
>>> import os # 导入os模块,模块的概念后面讲到
>>> [d for d in os.listdir('.')] # os.listdir可以列出文件和目录
['.emacs.d', '.ssh', '.Trash', 'Adlm', 'Applications', 'Desktop', 'Documents', 'Downloads', 'Library', 'Movies', 'Music', 'Pictures', 'Public', 'VirtualBox VMs', 'Workspace', 'XCode']
>>> L = ['Hello', 'World', 'IBM', 'Apple']
>>> [s.lower() for s in L]
['hello', 'world', 'ibm', 'apple']
生成器(generator)
不直接生成列表,而是保存出算法,需要是调用计算,这样可以节省大量空间。
>>> g=(x*x for x in range(10))
>>> g
<generator object <genexpr> at 0x0000000003102B48>
>>> for n in g:
print(n)
0
1
4
9
16
25
36
49
64
81
斐波拉契数列
函数定义中包含yield关键字,那么这个函数就不再是一个普通函数,而是一个generator
def fib(max):
n,a,b = 0,0,1
while n<max:
yield b #print(b)
a,b = b,a+b
n=n+1
return 'done'
>>> f
<generator object fib at 0x104feaaa0>
>>> for n in f:
print(n)