Swift基础02
字符串,数组和字典
字符串的定义
- var定义一个可变的字符串,用 let 定义一个不可变的字符串
- 定义字符串的两种方法:字面量方法和初始化方法
var str = "hellowrold"
str.insert("a", atIndex: str.startIndex)
let str2 = "hello,world"
var str3 = ""
var str4: String = String()
str4.insert("a", atIndex: str.startIndex)
字符串的拼接
var str = "hellowrold"
var stra = "hello"
var strb = "world"
var strc = stra + strb
strc += str
var strxiaowang = "xiaowang"
var age = 15
var stbd = "你好吗\(strxiaowang),你是\(age)岁吗"
print(stbd)
var h = 5
var m = 5
var s = 5
let time = String(format: "%02d:%02d:%02d", h, m, s)
let time2 = String(format: "%02d:%02d:%02d", arguments: [h, m, s])
字符串的一些操作方法
var straaa = "hello,world"
var startIndex = straaa.startIndex
var endIndex = straaa.endIndex
var lastIndex = endIndex.advancedBy(-1)
var fourth = startIndex.advancedBy(4)
var count = straaa.characters.count
var range = startIndex...fourth
var straa1 = straaa.substringWithRange(range)
let insert = "hello"
straaa.insertContentsOf(insert.characters, at: startIndex)
let strbbb = straaa.stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString("world", withString: "xiaowang")
print(straaa)
let hasprefix = straaa.hasPrefix("he")
let hassuffix = straaa.hasSuffix("ld")
straaa.removeRange(range)
let strcc = "hello"
let strdd = "hello"
if strcc == strdd {
print("索得死勒")
}
数组
- 用 var 创建一个可变数组, 用 let 创建一个不可变的数组
- 如果我们用字面量方式创建一个空数组需要指定数据的类型
let arr:[String] = ["hello", "world"]
var arr1:[Int] = []
arr1.append(1)
var arr2:[NSObject] = []
arr2.append(1)
arr2.append("hello")
var arr3:[String] = Array()
arr3.append("dog")
arr3.append("cat")
arr3.append("duck")
arr3.append("chicken")
var arr4 = arr + arr3
数组的遍历
for var i = 0; i < arr3.count; i++ {
print(arr3[i])
}
for item in arr3 {
print(item)
}
for item in arr3.enumerate() {
print("index:\(item.index), value:\(item.element)")
}
for item in arr3.reverse() {
print("====\(item)")
}
for item in arr3.reverse().enumerate() {
print("index:\(item.index), value:\(item.element)")
}
let reversArr3 = Array(arr3.reverse())
数组的操作
arr3.append("goat")
let remoed = arr3.removeAtIndex(2)
arr3[0] = "cow"
print(arr3)
let third = arr3[2]
let count = arr3.count
字典的定义
- 用 let 创建一个不可变的字典,用 var 创建一个可变的字典
var dic = [1:"dog", 2: "cat", 3: "goat", 4: "duck"]
var dic1:[Int: String] = [:]
var dic2:[NSObject: NSObject] = Dictionary()
dic2["1"] = "dog"
dic2["2"] = "cat"
dic2["3"] = "duck"
print(dic2)
字典的遍历
for (key, value) in dic {
print("key: \(key), value:\(value)")
}
let keys = Array(dic.keys)
let arrays = Array(dic.values)
字典的操作
dic[5] = "snake"
dic[5] = nil
dic[1] = "bird"
print(dic)
print(dic[6])