二叉树与链表之间的转换

一、单链表转换为二叉树

// C++ program to create a Complete Binary tree from its Linked List
// Representation
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <queue>
using namespace std;
 
// Linked list node
struct ListNode
{
    int data;
    ListNode* next;
};
 
// Binary tree node structure
struct BinaryTreeNode
{
    int data;
    BinaryTreeNode *left, *right;
};
 
// Function to insert a node at the beginning of the Linked List
void push(struct ListNode** head_ref, int new_data)
{
    // allocate node and assign data
    struct ListNode* new_node = new ListNode;
    new_node->data = new_data;
 
    // link the old list off the new node
    new_node->next = (*head_ref);
 
    // move the head to point to the new node
    (*head_ref)    = new_node;
}
 
// method to create a new binary tree node from the given data
BinaryTreeNode* newBinaryTreeNode(int data)
{
    BinaryTreeNode *temp = new BinaryTreeNode;
    temp->data = data;
    temp->left = temp->right = NULL;
    return temp;
}
 
// converts a given linked list representing a complete binary tree into the
// linked representation of binary tree.
void convertList2Binary(ListNode *head, BinaryTreeNode* &root)
{
    // queue to store the parent nodes
    queue<BinaryTreeNode *> q;
 
    // Base Case
    if (head == NULL)
    {
        root = NULL; // Note that root is passed by reference
        return;
    }
 
    // 1.) The first node is always the root node, and add it to the queue
    root = newBinaryTreeNode(head->data);
    q.push(root);
 
    // advance the pointer to the next node
    head = head->next;
 
    // until the end of linked list is reached, do the following steps
    while (head)
    {
        // 2.a) take the parent node from the q and remove it from q
        BinaryTreeNode* parent = q.front();
        q.pop();
 
        // 2.c) take next two nodes from the linked list. We will add
        // them as children of the current parent node in step 2.b. Push them 
        // into the queue so that they will be parents to the future nodes
        BinaryTreeNode *leftChild = NULL, *rightChild = NULL;
        leftChild = newBinaryTreeNode(head->data);
        q.push(leftChild);
        head = head->next;
        if (head)
        {
            rightChild = newBinaryTreeNode(head->data);
            q.push(rightChild);
            head = head->next;
        }
 
        // 2.b) assign the left and right children of parent
        parent->left = leftChild;
        parent->right = rightChild;
    }
}
 
// Utility function to traverse the binary tree after conversion
void inorderTraversal(BinaryTreeNode* root)
{
    if (root)
    {
        inorderTraversal( root->left );
        cout << root->data << " ";
        inorderTraversal( root->right );
    }
}
 

二、二叉树转换为双链表

// Changes left pointers to work as previous pointers in converted DLL
// The function simply does inorder traversal of Binary Tree and updates
// left pointer using previously visited node
void fixPrevPtr(struct node *root)
{
    static struct node *pre = NULL;
 
    if (root != NULL)
    {
        fixPrevPtr(root->left);
        root->left = pre;
        pre = root;
        fixPrevPtr(root->right);
    }
}
 
// Changes right pointers to work as next pointers in converted DLL
struct node *fixNextPtr(struct node *root)
{
    struct node *prev = NULL;
 
    // Find the right most node in BT or last node in DLL
    while (root && root->right != NULL)
        root = root->right;
 
    // Start from the rightmost node, traverse back using left pointers.
    // While traversing, change right pointer of nodes.
    while (root && root->left != NULL)
    {
        prev = root;
        root = root->left;
        root->right = prev;
    }
 
    // The leftmost node is head of linked list, return it
    return (root);
}
 
// The main function that converts BST to DLL and returns head of DLL
struct node *BTToDLL(struct node *root)
{
    // Set the previous pointer
    fixPrevPtr(root);
 
    // Set the next pointer and return head of DLL
    return fixNextPtr(root);
}

剑指offer有另外方法

三、双链表转换为二叉树