leetcode candy分糖果问题 两次遍历和一次遍历

here are N children standing in a line. Each child is assigned a rating value.

You are giving candies to these children subjected to the following requirements:

Each child must have at least one candy.
Children with a higher rating get more candies than their neighbors.
What is the minimum candies you must give?
就是有一群小孩（数组），数组中每个值代表一个等级，每个小孩必须有一颗糖，相邻的两个小孩中等级高的比等级低的糖多，求如何使得分出去的糖果最少

1. 数组rating ：2,4,3,2

2. 分糖果：1,3,2,1

   两次遍历：
   先从头开始，后面大的比前面多一个

public int candy(int[] ratings) {  
        int size = ratings.length;  
        if (size == 0) return -1;  
        if (size == 1) return 1;  

        int[] cans = new int[size];  
        cans[0] = 1;  
        //正向扫描一遍，如果右边的rating比左边高，那么右边的糖果数就比左边多一个，否则只给一个糖果  
        for (int i = 1; i < size; i++) {  
            if (ratings[i] > ratings[i - 1]) cans[i] = cans[i - 1] + 1;  
            else cans[i] = 1;  
        }  
        //反向扫描一遍，如果左边的rating比右边高，并且左边的糖果数比右边少，那么左边的糖果数应比右边多一  
        for (int i = size - 2; i >= 0; i--) {  
            if (ratings[i] > ratings[i + 1] && cans[i] <= cans[i + 1]) {  
                cans[i] = cans[i + 1] + 1;  
            }  
        }  

        int ret = 0;  //实际上这里可以把ret在上面一个循环中加，减少一次循环，不过本文主要是来实现一次循环，这个简单，大家都会
        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {  
            ret += cans[i];  
        }  

        return ret;  
    }  

一次遍历：利用等差数列

 public int candy(int[] ratings) {
        if (ratings == null || ratings.length == 0) return 0;
        int total = 1, prev = 1, countDown = 0;
        for (int i = 1; i < ratings.length; i++) 
        {
            if (ratings[i] >= ratings[i-1])
             {
                if (countDown > 0) 
                {
                    total += countDown*(countDown+1)/2; // 1+2+3+4=（1+4）*4/2 
                    if (countDown >= prev) total += countDown - prev + 1;//如果，连续的等级下降的孩子个数，大于这个下降孩子序列之前的那个孩子的分的糖果数，需要对那个孩子，再加糖果
                    countDown = 0;
                    prev = 1;
                }
                prev = ratings[i] == ratings[i-1] ? 1 : prev+1;//比较当前i位置处值和前面的i-1处，是否相等，不等，则需要比i-1处多一个糖果
                total += prev;
            } 
            else countDown++;
        }
        if (countDown > 0) { // if we were descending at the end
            total += countDown*(countDown+1)/2;
            if (countDown >= prev) total += countDown - prev + 1;
        }
        return total;
    }

prev表示的是孩子分的糖果，不断更行。countDown表示的是右边孩子的等级比左边低的孩子个数。