op2-Install ArchLinux

op2-Install ArchLinux

下载镜像

选择一个最近的镜像站点下载比如：http://mirrors.hust.edu.cn/archlinux/iso/，此处下载的为2015.12.01版本

新建虚拟机

Linux 3.x kernel 64bits
NAT
启动之前选择镜像文件

启动

Boot Arch Linux (X86_64)

查看是否是ELF方式主板

root@archiso~ # ls /sys/fireware/efi/efivars   #存在则会有内容

查看是否存在网络连接

ping www.google.com

更新系统时间

timedatectl set-ntp true

磁盘分区(以MBR方式为例，使用parted工具，磁盘大小120G)

\#确认存储类型
root@archiso~ # lsblk
\#parted分区
root@archiso~ # parted /dev/sda
\#设置分区表，msdos代表MBR类型
(parted) mklabal msdos
\#分区mkpart part-type(primary|extended|logical) fs-type(ext4,fat,reiserfs,linux-swap) start end
(parted) mkpart primary ext4 1MiB 100MiB    #boot
(parted) mkpart primary ext4 100MiB 30GiB   #home
(parted) mkpart primary linux-swap 30GiB 33GiB  #swap
(parted) mkpart primary ext4 33GiB 100%     #/
\#设置boot分区 set partition(use print to identify) boot on
(parted) set 1 boot on
(parted) quit

创建文件系统(mkfs工具)

root@archiso~ # mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda1
root@archiso~ # mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda2
root@archiso~ # mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda4

root@archiso~ # mkswap /dev/sda3
root@archiso~ # swapon /dev/sda3

挂载硬盘到当前“假根”中的/mnt目录

root@archiso~ # mount /dev/sda4 /mnt

创建boot目录供Linux启动

root@archiso~ # mkdir -pv /mnt/boot
root@archiso~ # mkdir -pv /mnt/home

把启动分区/dev/sda1挂载至/mnt/boot目录

mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/boot
# root@archiso~ # mount /dev/sda3 /mnt
# linux会自动挂载swap分区，因此不需要在这里挂载
root@archiso~ # mount /dev/sda2 /mnt

参考资料：http://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/103205/error-no-such-device-after-installing-arch-linux

在根分区安装base|base-devel

\#修改国内源
root@archiso~ # nano /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
    ## Score: 0.3, China
    Server = http://mirror.hust.edu.cn/archlinux/$repo/os/$arch
root@archiso~ # pacstrap -i /mnt base base-devel

创建fstab用于开机挂载各个分区(使用各种文件系统)

root@archiso~ # genfstab -U /mnt > /mnt/etc/fstab  #U表示以UUID方式标识

根切换至“真正的根”，并指定先启动/bin/bash

root@archiso~ # arch-chroot /mnt /bin/bash

安装vim

[root@archiso /]# pacman -S vim

语言配置

1、编辑/etc/locale.gen，并去掉对应语言前的注释

[root@archiso /]# vim /etc/locale.gen
    en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8   
    zh_CN.UTF-8 UTF-8

2、根据/etc/locale.gen配置生成语言

[root@archiso /]# locale-gen

3、编辑(创建)系统语言配置/etc/locale.conf

[root@archiso /]# vim /etc/locale.conf
    LANG=en_US.UTF-8

配置时区

[root@archiso /]# tzselect
    按照提示选择对应区域
[root@archiso /]# ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime
[root@archiso /]# hwclock --systohc --utc   #设置格林尼治时间?

initramfs

[root@archiso /]# mkinitcpio -p linux

bootloader

[root@archiso /]# pacman -S grub os-prober
[root@archiso /]# grub-install --recheck /dev/sda   #把bootloader安装在整个sda上而不是根所在的分区

如果这一步报错出现can't find EFI directory，就使用grub-install --target=i386-pc --recheck /dev/sda
[root@archiso /]# grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg  #创建grub的配置文件

hostname

[root@archiso /]# vim /etc/hostname
    ArchLinux-husa

添加用户

[root@archiso /]# useradd -m -g users -G wheel,power -s /bin/bash husa
[root@archiso /]# passwd husa

安装sudo

[root@archiso /]# pacman -S sudo
[root@archiso /]# visudo
    #uncomment to allow group wheel to execute any command

umount|reboot

root@archiso~ # umount -R /mnt
root@archiso~ # reboot

登陆后切换到husa用户

[root@ArchLinux-husa ~]# su - husa

确保网络连接顺畅

[husa@ArchLinux-husa ~]# ip addr
    发现没有IP地址，接口名称为eno16777736
[husa@ArchLinux-husa ~]# sudo systemctl enable dhcpcd@eno16777736.service

#这一步中可能因为环境差异导致无法开启dhcp服务，其实只要在在/usr/lib/systemd/system目录下找一找dhcp名称的服务就可以了。
进一步如果dhcpd没有启动失败，查一下日志，如果是要绑定网卡的话，就要使用enabled@IFACE格式设置了，这个在service脚本中有说明的

[husa@ArchLinux-husa ~]# sudo dhcpcd
[husa@ArchLinux-husa ~]# ip addr
    发现接口eno16777736已经有IP地址

安装plasma

\#安装X Window Server用于图形界面的显示
[husa@ArchLinux-husa ~]# sudo pacman -S xorg xorg-xinit

\#安装KDE Frameworks 5
[husa@ArchLinux-husa ~]# sudo pacman -S kf5 kf5-aids

\#安装KDE桌面环境Plasma以及相关应用
[husa@ArchLinux-husa ~]# sudo pacman -S plasma kdebase gwenview

\#安装字体，没有字体plasma桌面无法完整显示
[husa@ArchLinux-husa ~]# sudo pacman -S ttf-freefont

\#安装显示管理器，用于在启动脚本最后启动X会话，此处为sddm
[husa@ArchLinux-husa ~]# sudo pacman -S sddm sddm-kcm
[husa@ArchLinux-husa ~]# sudo systemctl enable sddm

\#配置sddm
[root@ArchLinux-husa ~]# sddm --example-config /etc/sddm.conf 
    生成例子配置
[husa@ArchLinux-husa ~]# su - husa
[husa@ArchLinux-husa ~]# sudo vim /etc/sddm.conf
    Session=plasma.desktop
    User=husa
    Current=breeze
    CursorTheme=breeze_cursors

\#安装必要的包
[husa@ArchLinux-husa ~]# sudo pacman -S gtk-engines gtk2 gtk3 gnome-themes-standard gnome-icon-theme
[husa@ArchLinux-husa ~]# sudo pacman -S ntp
[husa@ArchLinux-husa ~]# sudo systemctl enable ntpd

\#安装网络管理器
[husa@ArchLinux-husa ~]# sudo pacman -S networkmanager net-toolss
[husa@ArchLinux-husa ~]# sudo systemctl enable NetworkManager dhcpcd

\#安装声音管理工具
[husa@ArchLinux-husa ~]# sudo pacman -S alsa-utils pulseaudio pulseaudio-alsa libcanberra-pulse libcanberra-gstreamer jack2-dbus kmix


\#重启
[husa@ArchLinux-husa ~]# sudo reboot

安装chrome

[husa@ArchLinux-husa ~]# sudo pacman -S chromium

安装VMWare Tools

[husa@ArchLinux-husa ~]# sudo pacman -S open-vm-tools
[husa@ArchLinux-husa ~]# sudo vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/vntoolsd.service
    在Service中添加
        KillSignal=SIGKILL
[husa@ArchLinux-husa ~]# sudo systemctl enable vmtoolsd.service

中文乱码

[husa@ArchLinux-husa ~]# sudo pacman -S hannom
[husa@ArchLinux-husa ~]# sudo reboot

搜狗输入法

\#安装fcitx
[husa@ArchLinux-husa ~]# sudo pacman -S fcitx-im kcm-fcitx


\配置fcitx
[husa@ArchLinux-husa ~]# qtconfig-qt4
    interface
        default input method
            fcitx


\#安装yaourt
[husa@ArchLinux-husa ~]# sudo vim /etc/pacman.conf
    添加以下内容
        [archlinuxcn]
        #The Chinese Arch Linux communities packages.
        SigLevel = Optional TrustedOnly
        Server   = http://repo.archlinuxcn.org/$arch
[husa@ArchLinux-husa ~]# sudo pacman -Sy yaourt    #同步并安装yaourt

\#安装搜狗输入法
[husa@ArchLinux-husa ~]# yaourt fcitx-sogoupinyin
[husa@ArchLinux-husa ~]# reboot


\#配置输入法
KDE
    Computer
        System Settings
            Regional Settings
                Input Method
                    Addon Config
                        Apply SogouPinyin

[husa@ArchLinux-husa ~]# reboot

\#chrome测试sogou
Okay

\#KWrite测试sogou
Not Okay

\#配置xprofile
[husa@ArchLinux-husa ~]# sudo vim ~/.xprofile
    输入以下内容
        export GTK_IM_MODULE=fcitx
        export QT_IM_MODULE=fcitx
        export XMODIFIERS="@im=fcitx"
[husa@ArchLinux-husa ~]# sudo reboot

\#KWrite测试sogou
Okay

中文字体

(Mainly) Chinese
adobe-source-han-sans-cn-fonts - Simplified Chinese OpenType/CFF fonts
adobe-source-han-sans-tw-fonts - Traditional Chinese OpenType/CFF fonts
wqy-microhei - A Sans-Serif style high quality CJKV outline font.
wqy-zenhei - Hei Ti Style (sans-serif) Chinese Outline font embedded with bitmapped Song Ti (also supporting Japanese (partial) and Korean characters).
ttf-arphic-ukai - Kaiti (brush stroke) Unicode font (enabling anti-aliasing is suggested)
ttf-arphic-uming - Mingti (printed) Unicode font
opendesktop-fonts - New Sung font, previously is ttf-fireflysung package
wqy-bitmapfont - Bitmapped Song Ti (serif) Chinese font
ttf-hannom - Chinese and Vietnamese TrueType font
ttf-i.bmingAUR - CJK serif font that emphasis on an old-style typeface
ttf-twAUR - Kai and Song traditional Chinese font from the Ministry of Education of Taiwan

Done

参考资料：

1、https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/SDDM
2、https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Yaourt_(%E7%AE%80%E4%BD%93%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87)
3、http://www.techrapid.co.uk/linux/arch-linux/install-kde-plasma-on-arch-linux/
4、https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Beginners%27_guide