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contents
reword vii
pre
eface 2x
about this book xii
acknowledgments xu
Bootstarting Spring I
1. 1 Spring rebooted
Taking a fresh look at spring 2. Examining spring Boot
essentials 4 What Spring Boot isn't 7
1.2 Getting started with Spring boot 8
Installing the spring boot cli 8 Initializing a spring boot
project with Spring Initializr 12
3 Summary 22
Developing your first Spring Boot application 23
2.1 Putting spring boot to work 24
Examining a newly initialized spring boot project 26 Dissecting
Bc
iect build 30
2.2 USing starter dependencies 33
Specifying facet-based dependencies 34. Overriding starter
transitive dependencies 35
CONTENTS
2.8 USing automatic configuration 37
Focusing on application functionality 37. Running the
application 45. What just happened? 45
2.4 Summary 48
Customizing configuration 49
8.1 Overriding Spring Boot auto-configuration 50
Securing the application 50. Creating a custom security
configuration 51. Taking another peek under the covers of
auto-configuration55
8.2 Externalizing configuration with properties 57
Fine-tuning auto-configuration 58. Externally configuring
application beans 64. Configuring with profiles 69
8.8 Customizing application error pages 71
3.4 Summary 74
Testing with Spring Boot 76
4.1 Integration testing auto-configuration 77
4.2 Testing web applications 79
Mocking spring MvC 80- Testing web security 83
4.3 Testing a running application 86
Starting the server on a random port 87. Testing HTML pages
with selenium 88
4.4 Summary 90
Getting Groovy with the spring Boot CLI 92
5.1 Developing a Spring Boot CLI application 93
Setting up the cli project 93 Eliminating code noise with
Groovy 94. What just happened? 98
5.2 Grabbing dependencies 100
Overriding default dependency versions 101. Adding dependency
repositories 102
5.8 Running tests with the CLI 102
5.4 Creating a deployable artifact 105
5.5 Summary 106
CONTENTS
6
Applying Grails in Spring Boot 107
1 Using gorm for data persistence 108
2 Defining views with groovy server pages 113
6.3 Mixing spring boot with grails 3 115
Creating a new grails project 116 Defining the domain 118
Writing a grails controller 119. Creating the view 120
6.4 Summary 123
Taking a peek inside with the Actuator 124
7.1 Exploring the actuator's endpoints 125
Viewing configuration details 126. Tapping runtime metrics 133
Shutting down the application 139. Fetching application
information 140
7.2 Connecting to the Actuator remote shell 141
Viewing the autoconfig report 142. Listing application beans 143
Watching application metrics 144.Invoking actuator endpoints 145
7. 3 Monitoring your application with JMX 146
7.4 Customizing the Actuator 148
Changing endpoint Ds 148 Enabling and disabling endpoints 149
Adding custom metrics and gauges 149- Creating a custom trace
repository 153 Plugging in custom health indicators 155
7.5 Securing Actuator endpoints 156
7.6 Summary 159
8
Deploying Spring Boot applications 160
8.1 Weighing deployment options 161
8.2 Deploying to an application server 162
Building a WaRfile 162 Creating a production profile
Enabling database migration 168
8.3 Pushing to the cloud 173
Deploying to Cloud Foundry 173 Deploying to Heroku 177
8. Summary 180
appendix a spring Boot developer Tools 187
appendix b spring Boot starters 188
appendix c Configuration properties 195
appendix d spring boot dependencies 232
index 243
In the spring of 2014, the Delivery Engineering team at Netflix set out to achieve a
lofty goal: enable end-to-end global continuous delivery via a software platform that
facilitates both extensibility and resiliency. my team had previously built two different
applications attempting to address Netflix's delivery and deployment needs, but both
were beginning to show the telltale signs of monolith-ness and neither met the goals
of flexibility and resiliency. What's more, the most stymieing effect of these monolithic
applications was ultimately that we were unable to keep pace with our partner's inno-
vation. Users had begun to move around our tools rather than with them
It became apparent that if we wanted to provide real value to the company and rap-
idly innovate, we needed to break up the monoliths into small, independent services
that could be released at will. Embracing a microservice architecture gave us hope that
we could also address the twin goals of flexibility and resiliency. but we needed to do it
on a credible foundation where we could count on real concurrency, legitimate moni-
toring, reliable and easy service discovery, and great runtime performance
With the jVM as our bedrock, we looked for a framework that would give us rapid
velocity and steadfast operationalization out of the box. We zeroed in on Spring Boot
Spring Boot makes it effortless to create Spring-powered, production-ready ser-
vices without a lot of code! Indeed, the fact that a simple Spring Boot Hello World
application can fit into a tweet is a radical departure from what the same functionality
required on the vm only a few short years ago. Out-of-the-box nonfunctional features
like security, metrics, health-checks, embedded servers, and externalized configura
tion made boot an easy choice for us
FOREWORD
Yet, when we embarked on our Spring boot journey solid documentation was hard
to come by. Relying on source code isnt the most joyful manner of figuring out how
to properly leverage a frameworks features
It's not surprising to see the author of mannings venerable Spring in Action take on
the challenge of concisely distilling the core aspects of working with Spring Boot into
another cogent book. Nor is it surprising that Craig and the Manning crew have done
another tremendously wonderful job! Spring Boot in Action is an easily readable book,
as weve now come to expect from Craig and manning
From chapter Is attention-getting introduction to Boot and the now legend
ary 9Oish-character tweetable Boot application to an in-depth analysis of Boots Actuator
in chapter 7, which enables a host of auto-magical operational features required for any
production application, Spring Boot in Action leaves no stone unturned. Indeed, for me,
chapter 7's deep dive into the Actuator answered some of the lingering questions I've
had in the back of my head since picking up Boot well over a year ago. Chapter 8s thor-
ough examination of deployment options opened my eyes to the simplicity of cloud
Foundry for cloud deployments. One of my favorite chapters is chapter 4, where Craig
explores the many powerful options for easily testing a Boot application. From the get-
o, I was pleasantly surprised with some of Springs testing features, and boot takes
g
advantage of them nicely
As I've publicly stated before, Spring Boot is just the kind of framework the Java
community has been seeking for over a decade. Its easy-to-use development features
and out-of-the-box operationalization make java development fun again I,m pleased
to report that Spring and spring boot are the foundation of Netflix's new continuous
delivery platform. What's more, other teams at Netflix are following the same path
because they too see the myriad benefits of boot
It's with equal parts excitement and passion that I absolutely endorse craigs book
as the easy-to-digest and fun-to-read Spring boot documentation the Java community
has been waiting for since Boot took the community by storm. Craigs accessible writ-
ing style and sweeping analysis of boot's core features and functionality will surely
leave readers with a solid grasp of Boot(along with a joyful sense of awe for it)
Keep up the great work Craig Manning Publications, and all the brilliant develop
ers who have made spring boot what it is today each one of you has ensured a bright
future for the JV
ANDREW GLOVER
MANAGER, DELIVERY ENGINEERING AT NETFLIX
preface
At the 1964 New York World's Fair, Walt Disney introduced three groundbreaking
attractions:"“it' s a small world,”“ Great Moments with mr. Lincoln," and the“ Carouse
of Progress " All three of these attractions have since moved into disneyland and walt
Disney world, and you can still see them today
My favorite of these is the Carousel of Progress. Supposedly, it was one of Walt
Disneys favorites too. It's part ride and part stage show where the seating area
rotates around a center area featuring four stages. Each stage tells the story of
a family at different time periods of the 20th century-the early 1900s, the 1920s
the 1940s, and recent times-highlighting the technology advances in that time
period The story of innovation is told from a hand-cranked washing machine, to
electric lighting and radio, to automatic dishwashers and television, to computers
and voice-activated appliances
In every act, the father (who is also the narrator of the show)talks about the latest
inventions and says "It cant get any better only to discover that in fact, it does get
better in the next act as technology progresses
Although Spring doesn't have quite as long a history as that displayed in the Car-
ousel of Progress, I feel the same way about Spring as"Progress Dad felt about the
20th century. Each and every Spring application seems to make the lives of developers
so much better. Just looking at how Spring components are declared and wired
together, we can see the following progression over the history of Spring
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