hibernate的三种查询方式

Hibernate的查询方式

hibernate的查询方式常见的主要分为三种: HQL, QBC(命名查询), 以及使用原生SQL查询(SqlQuery)

一、HQL查询

• HQL(Hibernate Query Language)提供了丰富灵活的查询方式,使用HQL进行查询也是Hibernate官方推荐使用的查询方式。

• HQL在语法结构上和SQL语句十分的相同,所以可以很快的上手进行使用。使用HQL需要用到Hibernate中的Query对象,该对象专门执行HQL方式的操作。

     查询所有示例
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session.beginTransaction();
String hql = "from User"; // from 后跟的是要查询的对象,而不是表
Query query = session.createQuery(hql);
List<User> userList = query.list();
for(User user:userList){
  System.out.println(user.getUserName());
}
session.getTransaction().commit();

 

            带where的查询示例
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session.beginTransaction();
String hql = "from User where userName = 'James'";
Query query = session.createQuery(hql);
List<User> userList = query.list();
for(User user:userList){
  System.out.println(user.getUserName());
}
session.getTransaction().commit();
/*
 在HQL中where语句中使用的是持久化对象的属性名,如上面示例中的userName。当然在HQL中也可以使用别名
*/
String hql = "from User as u where u.userName = 'James'";
/*
过滤条件 
在where语句中还可以使用各种过滤条件,如:=、<>、<、>、>=、<=、between、not between、
in、not in、is、like、and、or等
*/

 

            获取一个不完整的对象
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session.beginTransaction();
String hql = "select userName from User";
Query query = session.createQuery(hql);
List<Object> nameList = query.list();
for(Object obj:nameList){
   String name=(String)obj;
  
System.out.println(name); } session.getTransaction().commit(); // 多个属性的话,需要用object[]接收 session.beginTransaction(); String hql = "select userName,userPwd from User"; Query query = session.createQuery(hql); List nameList = query.list(); for(Object obj:nameList){ Object[] array = (Object[]) obj; // 转成object[] System.out.println("name:" + array[0]); System.out.println("pwd:" + array[1]); } session.getTransaction().commit();

 

                统计和分组查询
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session.beginTransaction();
String hql = "select count(*),max(id) from User";
Query query = session.createQuery(hql);
List nameList = query.list();
for(Object obj:nameList){
  Object[] array = (Object[]) obj;
  System.out.println("count:" + array[0]);
  System.out.println("max:" + array[1]);
}
session.getTransaction().commit();
/*  
 该条sql语句返回的是单条数据,所以还可以这样写
 单列数据用Object,多列数据用Object[]
*/
Object[] object = (Object[]) query.uniqueResult();
System.out.println("count:" + object[0]);
System.out.println("max:" + object[1]);

 

                    更多写法
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select distinct name from Student;
select max(age) from Student;
select count(age),age from Student group by age;
from Student order by age;

 

                      HQL占位符
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session.beginTransaction();
String hql = "from User where userName = ?";
Query query = session.createQuery(hql);
// 索引从0开始 
query.setString(0, "James");
List<User> userList = query.list();
for(User user:userList){
  System.out.println(user.getUserName());
}
session.getTransaction().commit();

 

                    HQL引用占位符
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session.beginTransaction();
String hql = "from User where userName = :name";
Query query = session.createQuery(hql);
query.setParameter("name", "James");
List<User> userList = query.list();
for(User user:userList){
  System.out.println(user.getUserName());
}
session.getTransaction().commit();
                      HQL分页
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session.beginTransaction();
String hql = "from User";
Query query = session.createQuery(hql);
query.setFirstResult(0);
query.setMaxResults(2);
List<User> userList = query.list();
for(User user:userList){
  System.out.println(user.getUserName());
}
session.getTransaction().commit();

 

二、QBC(Query By Criteria)查询

• Criteria对象提供了一种面向对象的方式查询数据库。Criteria对象需要使用Session对象来获得。

• 一个Criteria对象表示对一个持久化类的查询。

                        查询所有
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session.beginTransaction();
Criteria c = session.createCriteria(User.class);
List<User> userList = c.list();
for(User user:userList){
  System.out.println(user.getUserName());
}
session.getTransaction().commit();

 

                        where
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session.beginTransaction();
Criteria c = session.createCriteria(User.class);
c.add(Restrictions.eq("userName", "James"));
List<User> userList = c.list();
for(User user:userList){
  System.out.println(user.getUserName());
}
session.getTransaction().commit();

 

                Restrictions对象
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方法名称                  对应SQL中的表达式
----------------------------------------------------------
Restrictions.eq       field = value
Restrictions.gt       field > value
Restrictions.lt       field < value
Restrictions.ge      field >= value
Restrictions.le       field <= value
Restrictions.between      field between value1 and value2
Restrictions.in       field in(…)
Restrictions.and      and
Restrictions.or       or
Restrictions.like     field like value
                      示例
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Criteria c = session.createCriteria(User.class);
c.add(Restrictions.like("userName", "J"));
c.add(Restrictions.eq("id", 120));
c.add(Restrictions.or(Restrictions.eq("userName", "James"),
  Restrictions.eq("userName", "Alex")));
                        获取唯一记录
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session.beginTransaction();
Criteria c = session.createCriteria(User.class);
c.add(Restrictions.eq("id", 120));
User user = (User) c.uniqueResult();
System.out.println(user.getUserName());
session.getTransaction().commit();

 

                      分页
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Criteria c = session.createCriteria(User.class);
c.setFirstResult(0);
c.setMaxResults(5);

                       分组与统计

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session.beginTransaction();
Criteria c = session.createCriteria(User.class);
c.setProjection(Projections.sum("id"));
Object obj = c.uniqueResult();
System.out.println(obj);
session.getTransaction().commit();
                    Projections对象
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方法名称                          描述
-------------------------------------------------------
Projections.sum           等于SQL中聚合函数sum
Projections.avg           等于SQL中聚合函数avg
Projections.count         等于SQL中聚合函数count
Projections .distinct     去除重复记录
Projections.max           等于SQL中聚合函数max
Projections.min           等于SQL中聚合函数min
Projections .groupProperty  对指定的属性进行分组查询

 

                    多个统计与分组
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session.beginTransaction();
Criteria c = session.createCriteria(User.class);
ProjectionList projectionList = Projections.projectionList();
projectionList.add(Projections.sum("id"));
projectionList.add(Projections.min("id"));
c.setProjection(projectionList);
// 和HQL一样,单列用Object,多列用Object[] 
Object[] obj = (Object[]) c.uniqueResult();
System.out.println("sum:" + obj[0]);
System.out.println("min:" + obj[1]);

 

                      排序
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Criteria c = session.createCriteria(User.class);
c.addOrder(Order.desc("id"));

三、原生SQL查询:

                       示例
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session.beginTransaction();
String sql = "select id,username,userpwd from t_user";
List list = session.createSQLQuery(sql).list();
for(Object item : list){
  Object[] rows = (Object[]) item;
  System.out.println("id:" + rows[0] + "username:"
    + rows[1] + "userpwd:" + rows[2]);
}
session.getTransaction().commit();

 

                  addEntity()示例
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session.beginTransaction();
String sql = "select id,username,userpwd from t_user";
// addEntity()可以告诉Hibernate你想要封装成对象的类型,然后自动为你封装
SQLQuery query = session.createSQLQuery(sql).addEntity(User.class);
List<User> list = query.list();
for(User user : list){
  System.out.println(user.getUserName());
}
session.getTransaction().commit();

 

              uniqueResult示例
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session.beginTransaction();
String sql = "select id,username,userpwd from t_user where id = 2";
SQLQuery query = session.createSQLQuery(sql).addEntity(User.class);
User user = (User) query.uniqueResult();
System.out.println(user.getUserName());
session.getTransaction().commit();
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