C之结构体



C语言中数组允许定义类型的变量,可容纳相同类型的多个数据项,但结构体在C语言编程中,它允许定义不同种类的数据项可供其他用户定义的数据类型。

结构是用来代表一个记录,假设要跟踪图书馆的书籍。可能要跟踪有关每本书以下属性:

  • Title - 标题

  • Author - 作者

  • Subject - 科目

  • Book ID -编号

 

定义结构体

定义一个结构体,必须使用结构体的struct语句。该struct语句定义了一个新的数据类型,程序不止一个成员。struct语句的格式是这样的:

 

struct [structure tag]
{
   member definition;
   member definition;
   ...
   member definition;
} [one or more structure variables];  


结构体(structure)标签是可选的,每个成员的定义是一个正常的变量定义,如 int i; 或 float f; 或任何其他有效的变量的定义。在结构的定义的结尾,最后的分号之前,可以指定一个或多个结构变量,但它是可选的。这里是声明书(Book)的结构方式:

 

struct Books
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This second edition of Data Structures Using C has been developed to provide a comprehensive and consistent coverage of both the abstract concepts of data structures as well as the implementation of these concepts using C language. It begins with a thorough overview of the concepts of C programming followed by introduction of different data structures and methods to analyse the complexity of different algorithms. It then connects these concepts and applies them to the study of various data structures such as arrays, strings, linked lists, stacks, queues, trees, heaps, and graphs. The book utilizes a systematic approach wherein the design of each of the data structures is followed by algorithms of different operations that can be performed on them, and the analysis of these algorithms in terms of their running times. Each chapter includes a variety of end-chapter exercises in the form of MCQs with answers, review questions, and programming exercises to help readers test their knowledge. Table of Contents Chapter 1. Introduction to C Chapter 2. Introduction to Data Structures and Algorithms Chapter 3. Arrays Chapter 4. Strings Chapter 5. Structures and Unions Chapter 6. Linked Lists Chapter 7. Stacks Chapter 8. Queues Chapter 9. Trees Chapter 10. Efficient Binary Trees Chapter 11. Multi-way Search Trees Chapter 12. Heaps Chapter 13. Graphs Chapter 14. Searching and Sorting Chapter 15. Hashing and Collision Chapter 16. Files and Their Organization Appendix A: Memory Allocation in C Programs Appendix B: Garbage Collection Appendix C: Backtracking Appendix D: Josephus Problem Appendix E: File Handling in C Appendix F: Address Calculation Sort Appendix G: Answers

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