在Android 3.0中提供了一个新概念Loaders,通过LoaderManager类可以很轻松的异步加载数据从Fragment或Activity 中,Loaders提供了回调机制通知最终的运行结果,有点类似AsyncTask类,但由于Loader对于并发可以用过Loader管理器统一管理,所以更适合批量处理多个异步任务的处理(当然内部仍然是多线程)。下面就让Android123一起和大家看下honeycomb中的新特性吧,对于解决多重异步I/O加快Android平板应用的运行是十分有效的。
一、LoaderManager
LoaderManager类位于android.app.LoaderManager,提供了以下几个方法:
abstract void destroyLoader(int id) //停止并移除loader通过ID
abstract void dump(String prefix, FileDescriptor fd, PrintWriter writer, String[] args) //打印LoaderManager的状态到一个流中
static void enableDebugLogging(boolean enabled) //启用debug记录
abstract <D> Loader<D> getLoader(int id) //返回找到的ID或没有匹配的在Loader中
abstract <D> Loader<D> initLoader(int id, Bundle args, LoaderCallbacks<D> callback) //初始化Loader使其成为活动状态
abstract <D> Loader<D> restartLoader(int id, Bundle args, LoaderCallbacks<D> callback) //启动一个新的或重启一个存在的Loader在管理器中
同时LoaderManager还有一个回调接口android.app.LoaderManager.LoaderCallbacks<D> 用于和LoaderManager交互:
abstract Loader<D> onCreateLoader(int id, Bundle args) //举例并返回一个新Loader通过ID
abstract void onLoadFinished(Loader<D> loader, D data) //当前面一个Loader已经完成时回调
abstract void onLoaderReset(Loader<D> loader) //当一个新的loader或存在的loader重启时回调
二、Loader
Loader类位于android.content.Loader<D>,整体比较复杂,主要成员有
1. 构造方法 Loader(Context context) //作为唯一实例化方法参数只有一个Context
2. Public Methods
void abandon() //高速Loader他在绑定
String dataToString(D data) //用于调试,转换一个Loader数据类的实例为字符串用于打印
void deliverResult(D data) //发送一个load注册的listener结果
void dump(String prefix, FileDescriptor fd, PrintWriter writer, String[] args) //打印loader状态通过给定的流
void forceLoad() //强制一个异步载入
Context getContext() //返回Context实例
int getId()
boolean isAbandoned() //判断是否已经绑定
boolean isReset() //判断是否已经重启
boolean isStarted() //判断是否已经执行
void onContentChanged() //内容变化回调
registerListener(int id, OnLoadCompleteListener<D> listener)
void reset() //重置一个Loader的状态
final void startLoading() //启动一个异步的载入从Loader的数据
void stopLoading() //停止载入
boolean takeContentChanged() String toString()
void unregisterListener(OnLoadCompleteListener<D> listener)
提供的子类 android.content.Loader.ForceLoadContentObserver 和 接口 android.content.Loader.OnLoadCompleteListener<D>
为了更清晰的表达Android开发网给出一个SDK例子完整代码,来作分析:
- public class LoaderThrottle extends Activity {
- static final String TAG = "LoaderThrottle";
- public static final String AUTHORITY = "com.example.android.apis.app.LoaderThrottle";
- public static final class MainTable implements BaseColumns {
- // This class cannot be instantiated
- private MainTable() {}
- public static final String TABLE_NAME = "main";
- public static final Uri CONTENT_URI = Uri.parse("content://" + AUTHORITY + "/main");
- public static final Uri CONTENT_ID_URI_BASE
- = Uri.parse("content://" + AUTHORITY + "/main/");
- public static final String CONTENT_TYPE
- = "vnd.android.cursor.dir/vnd.example.api-demos-throttle";
- public static final String CONTENT_ITEM_TYPE
- = "vnd.android.cursor.item/vnd.example.api-demos-throttle";
- public static final String DEFAULT_SORT_ORDER = "data COLLATE LOCALIZED ASC";
- public static final String COLUMN_NAME_DATA = "data";
- }
- static class DatabaseHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper {
- private static final String DATABASE_NAME = "loader_throttle.db";
- private static final int DATABASE_VERSION = 2;
- DatabaseHelper(Context context) {
- // calls the super constructor, requesting the default cursor factory.
- super(context, DATABASE_NAME, null, DATABASE_VERSION);
- }
- @Override
- public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) {
- db.execSQL("CREATE TABLE " + MainTable.TABLE_NAME + " ("
- + MainTable._ID + " INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,"
- + MainTable.COLUMN_NAME_DATA + " TEXT"
- + ");");
- }
- @Override
- public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) {
- // Logs that the database is being upgraded
- Log.w(TAG, "Upgrading database from version " + oldVersion + " to "
- + newVersion + ", which will destroy all old data");
- // Kills the table and existing data
- db.execSQL("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS notes");
- // Recreates the database with a new version
- onCreate(db);
- }
- }
- public static class SimpleProvider extends ContentProvider {
- // A projection map used to select columns from the database
- private final HashMap<String, String> mNotesProjectionMap;
- // Uri matcher to decode incoming URIs.
- private final UriMatcher mUriMatcher;
- // The incoming URI matches the main table URI pattern
- private static final int MAIN = 1;
- // The incoming URI matches the main table row ID URI pattern
- private static final int MAIN_ID = 2;
- // Handle to a new DatabaseHelper.
- private DatabaseHelper mOpenHelper;
- public SimpleProvider() {
- // Create and initialize URI matcher.
- mUriMatcher = new UriMatcher(UriMatcher.NO_MATCH);
- mUriMatcher.addURI(AUTHORITY, MainTable.TABLE_NAME, MAIN);
- mUriMatcher.addURI(AUTHORITY, MainTable.TABLE_NAME + "/#", MAIN_ID);
- // Create and initialize projection map for all columns. This is
- // simply an identity mapping.
- mNotesProjectionMap = new HashMap<String, String>();
- mNotesProjectionMap.put(MainTable._ID, MainTable._ID);
- mNotesProjectionMap.put(MainTable.COLUMN_NAME_DATA, MainTable.COLUMN_NAME_DATA);
- }
- @Override
- public boolean onCreate() {
- mOpenHelper = new DatabaseHelper(getContext());
- // Assumes that any failures will be reported by a thrown exception.
- return true;
- }
- @Override
- public Cursor query(Uri uri, String[] projection, String selection,
- String[] selectionArgs, String sortOrder) {
- // Constructs a new query builder and sets its table name
- SQLiteQueryBuilder qb = new SQLiteQueryBuilder();
- qb.setTables(MainTable.TABLE_NAME);
- switch (mUriMatcher.match(uri)) {
- case MAIN:
- // If the incoming URI is for main table.
- qb.setProjectionMap(mNotesProjectionMap);
- break;
- case MAIN_ID:
- // The incoming URI is for a single row.
- qb.setProjectionMap(mNotesProjectionMap);
- qb.appendWhere(MainTable._ID + "=?");
- selectionArgs = DatabaseUtils.appendSelectionArgs(selectionArgs,
- new String[] { uri.getLastPathSegment() });
- break;
- default:
- throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown URI " + uri);
- }
- if (TextUtils.isEmpty(sortOrder)) {
- sortOrder = MainTable.DEFAULT_SORT_ORDER;
- }
- SQLiteDatabase db = mOpenHelper.getReadableDatabase();
- Cursor c = qb.query(db, projection, selection, selectionArgs,
- null /* no group */, null /* no filter */, sortOrder);
- c.setNotificationUri(getContext().getContentResolver(), uri);
- return c;
- }
- @Override
- public String getType(Uri uri) {
- switch (mUriMatcher.match(uri)) {
- case MAIN:
- return MainTable.CONTENT_TYPE;
- case MAIN_ID:
- return MainTable.CONTENT_ITEM_TYPE;
- default:
- throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown URI " + uri);
- }
- }
- @Override
- public Uri insert(Uri uri, ContentValues initialValues) {
- if (mUriMatcher.match(uri) != MAIN) {
- // Can only insert into to main URI.
- throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown URI " + uri);
- }
- ContentValues values;
- if (initialValues != null) {
- values = new ContentValues(initialValues);
- } else {
- values = new ContentValues();
- }
- if (values.containsKey(MainTable.COLUMN_NAME_DATA) == false) {
- values.put(MainTable.COLUMN_NAME_DATA, "");
- }
- SQLiteDatabase db = mOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase();
- long rowId = db.insert(MainTable.TABLE_NAME, null, values);
- // If the insert succeeded, the row ID exists.
- if (rowId > 0) {
- Uri noteUri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(MainTable.CONTENT_ID_URI_BASE, rowId);
- getContext().getContentResolver().notifyChange(noteUri, null);
- return noteUri;
- }
- throw new SQLException("Failed to insert row into " + uri);
- }
- @Override
- public int delete(Uri uri, String where, String[] whereArgs) {
- SQLiteDatabase db = mOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase();
- String finalWhere;
- int count;
- switch (mUriMatcher.match(uri)) {
- case MAIN:
- count = db.delete(MainTable.TABLE_NAME, where, whereArgs);
- break;
- case MAIN_ID:
- finalWhere = DatabaseUtils.concatenateWhere(
- MainTable._ID + " = " + ContentUris.parseId(uri), where);
- count = db.delete(MainTable.TABLE_NAME, finalWhere, whereArgs);
- break;
- default:
- throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown URI " + uri);
- }
- getContext().getContentResolver().notifyChange(uri, null);
- return count;
- }
- @Override
- public int update(Uri uri, ContentValues values, String where, String[] whereArgs) {
- SQLiteDatabase db = mOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase();
- int count;
- String finalWhere;
- switch (mUriMatcher.match(uri)) {
- case MAIN:
- // If URI is main table, update uses incoming where clause and args.
- count = db.update(MainTable.TABLE_NAME, values, where, whereArgs);
- break;
- case MAIN_ID:
- // If URI is for a particular row ID, update is based on incoming
- // data but modified to restrict to the given ID.
- finalWhere = DatabaseUtils.concatenateWhere(
- MainTable._ID + " = " + ContentUris.parseId(uri), where);
- count = db.update(MainTable.TABLE_NAME, values, finalWhere, whereArgs);
- break;
- default:
- throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown URI " + uri);
- }
- getContext().getContentResolver().notifyChange(uri, null);
- return count;
- }
- }
- @Override
- protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
- super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
- FragmentManager fm = getFragmentManager();
- if (fm.findFragmentById(android.R.id.content) == null) {
- ThrottledLoaderListFragment list = new ThrottledLoaderListFragment();
- fm.beginTransaction().add(android.R.id.content, list).commit();
- }
- }
- public static class ThrottledLoaderListFragment extends ListFragment
- implements LoaderManager.LoaderCallbacks<Cursor> {
- static final int POPULATE_ID = Menu.FIRST;
- static final int CLEAR_ID = Menu.FIRST+1;
- SimpleCursorAdapter mAdapter;
- String mCurFilter;
- AsyncTask<Void, Void, Void> mPopulatingTask;
- @Override public void onActivityCreated(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
- super.onActivityCreated(savedInstanceState);
- setEmptyText("No data. Select 'Populate' to fill with data from Z to A at a rate of 4 per second.");
- setHasOptionsMenu(true);
- // Create an empty adapter we will use to display the loaded data.
- mAdapter = new SimpleCursorAdapter(getActivity(),
- android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1, null,
- new String[] { MainTable.COLUMN_NAME_DATA },
- new int[] { android.R.id.text1 }, 0);
- setListAdapter(mAdapter);
- // Prepare the loader. Either re-connect with an existing one,
- // or start a new one.
- getLoaderManager().initLoader(0, null, this);
- }
- @Override public void onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu, MenuInflater inflater) {
- menu.add(Menu.NONE, POPULATE_ID, 0, "Populate")
- .setShowAsAction(MenuItem.SHOW_AS_ACTION_IF_ROOM);
- menu.add(Menu.NONE, CLEAR_ID, 0, "Clear")
- .setShowAsAction(MenuItem.SHOW_AS_ACTION_IF_ROOM);
- }
- @Override public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
- final ContentResolver cr = getActivity().getContentResolver();
- switch (item.getItemId()) {
- case POPULATE_ID:
- if (mPopulatingTask != null) {
- mPopulatingTask.cancel(false);
- }
- mPopulatingTask = new AsyncTask<Void, Void, Void>() {
- @Override protected Void doInBackground(Void... params) {
- for (char c='Z'; c>='A'; c--) {
- if (isCancelled()) {
- break;
- }
- StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder("Data ");
- builder.append(c);
- ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
- values.put(MainTable.COLUMN_NAME_DATA, builder.toString());
- cr.insert(MainTable.CONTENT_URI, values);
- // Wait a bit between each insert.
- try {
- Thread.sleep(250);
- } catch (InterruptedException e) {
- }
- }
- return null;
- }
- };
- mPopulatingTask.executeOnExecutor(
- AsyncTask.THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR, (Void[])null);
- return true;
- case CLEAR_ID:
- if (mPopulatingTask != null) {
- mPopulatingTask.cancel(false);
- mPopulatingTask = null;
- }
- AsyncTask<Void, Void, Void> task = new AsyncTask<Void, Void, Void>() {
- @Override protected Void doInBackground(Void... params) {
- cr.delete(MainTable.CONTENT_URI, null, null);
- return null;
- }
- };
- task.execute((Void[])null);
- return true;
- default:
- return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
- }
- }
- @Override public void onListItemClick(ListView l, View v, int position, long id) {
- // Insert desired behavior here.
- Log.i(TAG, "Item clicked: " + id);
- }
- // These are the rows that we will retrieve.
- static final String[] PROJECTION = new String[] {
- MainTable._ID,
- MainTable.COLUMN_NAME_DATA,
- };
- public Loader<Cursor> onCreateLoader(int id, Bundle args) {
- CursorLoader cl = new CursorLoader(getActivity(), MainTable.CONTENT_URI,
- PROJECTION, null, null, null);
- cl.setUpdateThrottle(2000); // update at most every 2 seconds.
- return cl;
- }
- public void onLoadFinished(Loader<Cursor> loader, Cursor data) {
- mAdapter.swapCursor(data);
- }
- public void onLoaderReset(Loader<Cursor> loader) {
- mAdapter.swapCursor(null);
- }
- }