Java设计模式之观察者模式

模式结构：

Subject:目标

ConcreteSubject:具体目标

Observer:观察者

ConcreteObserver:具体观察者

UML图：

例子代码：

目标抽象类：

public abstract class Subject {
    private List<Observer> observerList = new ArrayList<Observer>();

    //添加observer
    public void attach(Observer observer){
        if(observer != null){
            observerList.add(observer);
        }
    }

    //移除observer
    public void detach(Observer observer){
        if(observer != null){
            observerList.remove(observer);
        }
    }

    //通知更新
    public void notifyObserver(String state){
        for (Observer observer : observerList){
            observer.update(state);
        }
    }
}

具体目标类：

public class ConcreteSubject extends Subject {
    private String state;

    public String getState() {
        return state;
    }

    public void setState(String state) {
        this.state = state;
        System.out.println("主题状态重新更改为：" + state);
        //状态发生改变 通知各个观察者
        this.notifyObserver(state);
    }

}

观察者接口：

public interface Observer {
    void update(String state);
}

具体观察者一：

public class ConcreteObserver implements Observer {

    private String observerState;

    @Override
    public void update(String state) {
        //更新观察者的状态
        observerState = state;
        System.out.println("ConcreteObserver 监听最新状态："+observerState);
    }
}

具体观察者二：

public class ConcreteObserver1 implements Observer {

    private String newState;

    @Override
    public void update(String state) {
        newState = state;
        System.out.println("ConcreteObserver1 监听最新状态："+newState);
    }
}

客户类：

public class Client {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ConcreteSubject subject = new ConcreteSubject();
        Observer observer = new ConcreteObserver();
        Observer observer1 = new ConcreteObserver1();
        //注册观察者
        subject.attach(observer);
        subject.attach(observer1);
        //改变主题的状态
        subject.setState("new state");
    }
}

结果打印：