64. Minimum Path Sum

Given a m x n grid filled with non-negative numbers, find a path from top left to bottom right which minimizes the sum of all numbers along its path.

Note: You can only move either down or right at any point in time.

这题跟之前的unique paths其实是一回事。都是基本的dynamic programming题。dp就是在于小问题向大问题积累记录，避免直接枚举或者回溯带来的对小问题的重复计算。这一点将会在后续的dp总结博客里解释，此处不做深入。

代码一：

int minPathSum(vector<vector<int>>& grid) {
    int m = grid.size();
    int n = grid[0].size();
    vector<vector<int>> minpath(grid);
    //初始化第一行和第一列
    for (int i = 1; i < m; i++) {
        minpath[i][0] += minpath[i-1][0];
    }
    for (int j = 1; j < n; j++) {
        minpath[0][j] += minpath[0][j-1];
    }
    // 逐步递进
    for (int i = 1; i < m; i++) {
        for (int j = 1; j < n; j++) {
            minpath[i][j] = min(minpath[i-1][j], minpath[i][j-1]) + grid[i][j];
        }
    }
    return minpath[m-1][n-1];
}

当然，这题还能再稍微优化一下，就是不用构造完整二维数组，可以用一维滚动数组完成，节约内存。
代码二：

int minPathSum(vector<vector<int>>& grid) {
    int m = grid.size();
    int n = grid[0].size();
    vector<int> minpath(n, INT_MAX);
    minpath[0] = 0;
    //初始化：第一项为0为了累加方便，其他为INT_MAX因为后面有min操作
    for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) {
        minpath[0] += grid[i][0];
        for (int j = 1; j < n; j++) {
            minpath[j] = min(minpath[j], minpath[j-1]) + grid[i][j];
        }
    }
    return minpath[n-1];
}