spring 与JPA/Hibernate的整合示例

一、首先通过maven加入spring、jpa和hibernate相关的jar包。如pom.xml: 

Java代码  

1. <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"  
2.   xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">  
3.   <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>  
4.   <groupId> cn.ibeans</groupId>  
5.   <artifactId>ibeans</artifactId>  
6.   <packaging>war</packaging>  
7.   <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>  
8.   <name>myweb Maven Webapp</name>  
9.   <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>  
10.     
11.   <!-- 定义相关属性 -->  
12.   <properties>  
13.     <jdk-version>1.6</jdk-version>  
14.     <junit-version>4.11</junit-version>  
15.     <spring-version>3.2.2.RELEASE</spring-version>  
16.   </properties>  
17.     
18.   <!-- 定义依赖包 -->  
19.   <dependencies>  
20.     <!-- spring begin-->  
21.     <dependency>  
22.         <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>  
23.         <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>  
24.         <version>${spring-version}</version>  
25.     </dependency>  
26.     <dependency>  
27.         <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>  
28.         <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>  
29.         <version>${spring-version}</version>  
30.     </dependency>  
31.     <dependency>  
32.         <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>  
33.         <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>  
34.         <version>${spring-version}</version>  
35.     </dependency>  
36.     <dependency>  
37.         <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>  
38.         <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>  
39.         <version>${spring-version}</version>  
40.     </dependency>  
41.     <dependency>  
42.         <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>  
43.         <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>  
44.         <version>${spring-version}</version>  
45.     </dependency>  
46.     <dependency>  
47.         <groupId>org.springframework.data</groupId>  
48.         <artifactId>spring-data-jpa</artifactId>  
49.         <version>1.3.2.RELEASE</version>  
50.     </dependency>  
51.     <!-- spring end -->  
52.       
53.       
54.     <!-- servlet begin -->  
55.     <dependency>  
56.         <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>  
57.         <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>  
58.         <version>3.0-alpha-1</version>  
59.         <scope>provided</scope>  
60.     </dependency>  
61.     <!-- servlet end -->  
62.       
63.       
64.     <!-- junit begin -->  
65.     <dependency>  
66.         <groupId>junit</groupId>  
67.         <artifactId>junit</artifactId>  
68.         <version>${junit-version}</version>  
69.         <scope>test</scope>  
70.     </dependency>  
71.     <!-- junit end -->  
72.       
73.       
74.     <!-- hibernate begin -->  
75.     <dependency>  
76.         <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>  
77.         <artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>  
78.         <version>4.2.1.Final</version>  
79.     </dependency>  
80.         <dependency>  
81.         <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>  
82.         <artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId>  
83.         <version>4.2.1.Final</version>  
84.     </dependency>  
85.     <dependency>  
86.         <groupId>org.hibernate.common</groupId>  
87.         <artifactId>hibernate-commons-annotations</artifactId>  
88.         <version>4.0.1.Final</version>  
89.     </dependency>  
90.     <dependency>  
91.         <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>  
92.         <artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId>  
93.         <version>5.0.0.Final</version>  
94.     </dependency>  
95.     <!-- hibernate end -->  
96.       
97.       
98.     <!--logger begin -->  
99.     <dependency>  
100.         <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>  
101.         <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>  
102.         <version>1.7.5</version>  
103.     </dependency>  
104.     <dependency>  
105.         <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>  
106.         <artifactId>jcl-over-slf4j</artifactId>  
107.         <version>1.7.5</version>  
108.     </dependency>  
109.     <dependency>  
110.         <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>  
111.         <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>  
112.         <version>1.7.5</version>  
113.     </dependency>  
114.     <!-- logger end -->  
115.       
116.       
117.     <!-- database begin -->  
118.     <dependency>  
119.         <groupId>mysql</groupId>  
120.         <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>  
121.         <version>5.1.25</version>  
122.     </dependency>  
123.     <!-- database end -->  
124.       
125.       
126.     <!-- apache commons begin -->  
127.     <dependency>  
128.         <groupId>commons-dbcp</groupId>  
129.         <artifactId>commons-dbcp</artifactId>  
130.         <version>20030825.184428</version>  
131.     </dependency>  
132.     <dependency>  
133.         <groupId>commons-pool</groupId>  
134.         <artifactId>commons-pool</artifactId>  
135.         <version>20030825.183949</version>  
136.     </dependency>  
137.     <dependency>  
138.         <groupId>commons-collections</groupId>  
139.         <artifactId>commons-collections</artifactId>  
140.         <version>2.1</version>  
141.     </dependency>  
142.     <!-- apache commons end -->  
143.   </dependencies>  
144.     
145.   <!-- 配置构建 -->  
146.   <build>  
147.     <finalName>ibeans</finalName>  
148.   </build>  
149. </project>  

2、配置applicationContext.xml中的实体管理工厂和事务机制: 

Java代码  

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>  
2. <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"  
3.     xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"   
4.     xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc"    
5.     xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee"   
6.     xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"  
7.     xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa"  
8.     xsi:schemaLocation="  
9.         http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd  
10.         http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.2.xsd  
11.         http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc-3.2.xsd  
12.         http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-3.2.xsd  
13.         http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.2.xsd  
14.         http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa.xsd"  
15.     default-lazy-init="true">  
16.   
17.     <description>Spring公共配置 </description>  
18.   
19.     <!-- 使用annotation 自动注册bean, 并保证@Required、@Autowired的属性被注入 -->  
20.     <context:component-scan base-package="cn.ibeans">  
21.         <context:exclude-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>  
22.     </context:component-scan>  
23.   
24.     <!-- JPA实体管理工厂的配置 -->  
25.     <bean id="entityManagerFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean">   
26.         <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>  
27.         <property name="jpaVendorAdapter" ref="hibernateJpaVendorAdapter"/>  
28.         <property name="packagesToScan" value="cn.ibeans"/><!--待扫描的实体类包，不再需要persistence.xml了-->  
29.         <property name="jpaProperties">  
30.             <props>  
31.                 <prop key="hibernate.ejb.naming_strategy">org.hibernate.cfg.ImprovedNamingStrategy</prop>  
32.                 <prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop>  
33.                 <prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">update</prop>  
34.             </props>  
35.         </property>  
36.     </bean>  
37.       
38.     <!--指定实现JPA的适配器-->  
39.     <bean id="hibernateJpaVendorAdapter" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaVendorAdapter">  
40.         <property name="databasePlatform" value="org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect" />  
41.     </bean>  
42.       
43.     <!-- Jpa 事务配置 -->  
44.     <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager">  
45.         <property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="entityManagerFactory"/>  
46.     </bean>  
47.       
48.     <!-- Spring Data Jpa配置 -->  
49.     <!--  
50.     <jpa:repositories base-package="cn.ibeans"  transaction-manager-ref="transactionManager" entity-manager-factory-ref="entityManagerFactory"/>  
51.     -->  
52.     <!-- 使用annotation定义事务 -->  
53.     <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager" proxy-target-class="true" />  
54.   
55.     <!-- JSR303 Validator定义 -->  
56.     <bean id="validator" class="org.springframework.validation.beanvalidation.LocalValidatorFactoryBean" />  
57.       
58.     <!-- production环境 -->  
59.     <beans profile="production">  
60.         <context:property-placeholder ignore-unresolvable="true" location="classpath*:/db.properties" />    
61.           
62.         <!-- 数据源配置, 使用DBCP数据库连接池 -->  
63.         <bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource" destroy-method="close">  
64.             <!-- Connection Info -->  
65.             <property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driver}" />  
66.             <property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}" />  
67.             <property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}" />  
68.             <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}" />  
69.           
70.             <!-- Connection Pooling Info -->  
71.             <property name="maxActive" value="${dbcp.maxActive}" />  
72.             <property name="maxIdle" value="${dbcp.maxIdle}" />  
73.             <property name="defaultAutoCommit" value="false" />  
74.             <!-- 连接Idle一个小时后超时 -->  
75.             <property name="timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis" value="3600000" />  
76.             <property name="minEvictableIdleTimeMillis" value="3600000" />  
77.         </bean>  
78.           
79.         <!-- 数据源配置,使用应用服务器的数据库连接池 -->  
80.         <!--<jee:jndi-lookup id="dataSource" jndi-name="java:comp/env/jdbc/ExampleDB" />-->  
81.     </beans>  
82.       
83.     <!-- local development环境 -->  
84.     <beans profile="development">  
85.         <context:property-placeholder ignore-resource-not-found="true"  
86.             location="classpath*:/db.properties,  
87.                       classpath*:/db_dev.properties" />    
88.   
89.         <!-- DBCP连接池 -->  
90.         <bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource" destroy-method="close">  
91.             <property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driver}" />  
92.             <property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}" />  
93.             <property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}" />  
94.             <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}" />  
95.             <property name="defaultAutoCommit" value="false" />  
96.         </bean>  
97.     </beans>  
98.       
99.     <!-- unit test环境 -->  
100.     <beans profile="test">  
101.         <context:property-placeholder ignore-resource-not-found="true"  
102.             location="classpath*:/db_test.properties" />   
103.           
104.         <!-- Simple连接池 -->  
105.         <bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.SimpleDriverDataSource">  
106.             <property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driver}" />  
107.             <property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}" />  
108.             <property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}" />  
109.             <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}" />  
110.         </bean>  
111.   
112.         <!-- 初始化数据表结构 与默认数据-->  
113.         <jdbc:initialize-database data-source="dataSource" ignore-failures="ALL">  
114.             <jdbc:script location="classpath:sql/h2/schema.sql" />  
115.             <jdbc:script location="classpath:data/import-data.sql" encoding="UTF-8"/>  
116.         </jdbc:initialize-database>  
117.     </beans>  
118. </beans>  

定义实体类：User.java 

Java代码  

1. package cn.ibeans.web.model;  
2.   
3. import java.io.Serializable;  
4.   
5. import javax.persistence.Column;  
6. import javax.persistence.Entity;  
7. import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;  
8. import javax.persistence.Id;  
9. import javax.persistence.Table;  
10.   
11. import org.hibernate.annotations.GenericGenerator;  
12.   
13. @Entity  
14. @Table(name="i_user")  
15. public class User implements Serializable{  
16.     private String id;  
17.     private String username;  
18.     private String password;  
19.       
20.     @Id  
21.     @GeneratedValue(generator="system-uuid")  
22.     @GenericGenerator(name="system-uuid",strategy="uuid")  
23.     public String getId() {  
24.         return id;  
25.     }  
26.     public void setId(String id) {  
27.         this.id = id;  
28.     }  
29.       
30.     @Column(name="username")  
31.     public String getUsername() {  
32.         return username;  
33.     }  
34.     public void setUsername(String username) {  
35.         this.username = username;  
36.     }  
37.       
38.     @Column(name="password")  
39.     public String getPassword() {  
40.         return password;  
41.     }  
42.     public void setPassword(String password) {  
43.         this.password = password;  
44.     }  
45.       
46. }  

3、定义dao接口，只需定义接口方法即可，不用加任何注解 

Java代码  

1. package cn.ibeans.dao;  
2.   
3. import cn.ibeans.web.model.User;  
4.   
5. public interface UserDao {  
6.   
7.     User findByName(String name);  
8.   
9.     User findByLoginName(String loginName);  
10.       
11.     void saveOrUpdate(User user);  
12. }  

4、定义dao实现类。用@Repository注解类，并将EntityManager作为成员变量注入，注入方法是加@PersistenceContext 

Java代码  

1. package cn.ibeans.dao.impl;  
2.   
3. import javax.persistence.EntityManager;  
4. import javax.persistence.PersistenceContext;  
5.   
6. import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;  
7.   
8. import cn.ibeans.dao.UserDao;  
9. import cn.ibeans.web.model.User;  
10.   
11. @Repository  
12. public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao {  
13.       
14.     @PersistenceContext  
15.     private EntityManager em;  
16.   
17.     @Override  
18.     public User findByName(String name) {  
19.         return null;  
20.     }  
21.   
22.     @Override  
23.     public User findByLoginName(String loginName) {  
24.         return null;  
25.     }  
26.   
27.     @Override  
28.     public void saveOrUpdate(User user) {  
29.         em.persist(user);  
30.     }  
31.   
32. }  

5、定义service类。可直接写实现类 
用@Component或@Service注释类，将dao接口作为成员变量注入，注入方法是加@Autowired 
如果是写方法，需在方法上加@Transactional(readOnly=false)注解 

Java代码  

1. package cn.ibeans.service;  
2.   
3. import javax.annotation.Resource;  
4.   
5. import org.apache.log4j.Logger;  
6. import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;  
7. import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;  
8. import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;  
9.   
10. import cn.ibeans.dao.UserDao;  
11. import cn.ibeans.web.model.User;  
12.   
13. @Component  
14. public class UserService {  
15.     private static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(UserService.class);  
16.     @Autowired  
17.     private UserDao userDao;  
18.       
19.     @Transactional(readOnly=false)  
20.     public void saveUser(User user){  
21.         userDao.saveOrUpdate(user);  
22.         logger.debug(user.getUsername()+",保存成功！");  
23.     }  
24. }  

6、定义action 
用@Controller注释action类，如果需为该action中所有方法指定一个共用的上层路径名，则需用@RequestMapping(value="/user")注释该类。表示该类下的所有访求均要通过/user/**来访问 
将service类作为成员变量注入action。注入方法是加@Autowired 
用@RequestMapping(value="/save")注释action的方法。 

Java代码  

1. package cn.ibeans.web.controller;  
2.   
3. import javax.servlet.ServletContext;  
4. import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;  
5.   
6. import org.apache.log4j.Logger;  
7. import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;  
8. import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;  
9. import org.springframework.ui.Model;  
10. import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ModelAttribute;  
11. import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;  
12. import org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader;  
13. import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;  
14.   
15. import cn.ibeans.service.UserService;  
16. import cn.ibeans.web.model.User;  
17.   
18. @Controller  
19. @RequestMapping(value="/user")  
20. public class LoginController extends HttpServlet{  
21.     private static Logger log = Logger.getLogger(LoginController.class);  
22.       
23.     @Autowired  
24.     private UserService userService;  
25.       
26.   
27.     //@RequestMapping(value="/login")   //如果类级别上已有映射地址（/user），此处的完整请求地址是/user/login  
28.     public String doLogin(Model model,Object loginForm){  
29.         //model.addAttribute("username",username);  //model被用来封装数据，向前台传递  
30.         WebApplicationContext context = ContextLoader.getCurrentWebApplicationContext();  
31.         ServletContext sc = context.getServletContext();  
32.           
33.         return "/welcome";  
34.     }  
35.       
36.     @RequestMapping(value="/login")  
37.     public String login(@ModelAttribute User user,Model model){  
38.         log.info(user.getUsername());  
39.         model.addAttribute(user);  
40.         return "/welcome";  
41.     }  
42.       
43.     @RequestMapping(value="/save")  
44.     public String save(@ModelAttribute User user,Model model){  
45.         log.info(user.getUsername());  
46.         userService.saveUser(user);  
47.         model.addAttribute(user);  
48.         return "/welcome";  
49.     }  
50. }  

7、发起请示的页面 
请示的url应该是上下文根路径+action类路径+方法路径 

Java代码  

1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8" pageEncoding="utf-8"%>  
2.  <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">  
3.  <html>  
4.  <head>  
5.  <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">  
6.  <title>Insert title here</title>  
7.  </head>  
8.  <body>  
9.      <div>  
10.          <form action="/ibeans/user/save" methed="post">  
11.              <input type="text" name="username">  
12.              <input type="text" name="password">  
13.              <input type="submit" value="SUBMIT">  
14.          </form>  
15.      </div>  
16.  </body>  
17.  </html>  

8、转发目的页面 
可以通过引用action方法里定义的mode属性来获取相关的数据。 
welcome.jsp: 

Java代码  

1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8"  
2.     pageEncoding="utf-8"%>  
3. <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">  
4. <html>  
5. <head>  
6. <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">  
7. <title>Insert title here</title>  
8. </head>  
9. <body>  
10.    ${user.username },你好！   
11. </body>  
12. </html>