ORACLE PSU升级总结

首先，进行PSU，首要的事情就是认真的看readme.html，从里面我们可以知道很详细的升级步骤已经回退的方案。并且避免了很多的坑
在进行PSU之前，要首先确认你准备升级的版本以及你自己系统数据库的版本，就像我们这次，是从11.2.0.4.0升级到11.2.0.4.2版本，从MOS上去找到相应的PATCH
p18031668_112040_Linux-x86-64.zip

可以通过p后面的数字在mos上面很容易的查到该补丁包，从该版本的补丁包的readme.html 中。我们可以看到这样要求

2.1 OPatch Utility
You must use the OPatch utility version 11.2.0.3.6 or later to apply this patch. Oracle recommends that you use the latest released OPatch version for 11.2, which is available for download from My Oracle Support patch 6880880 by selecting the 11.2.0.0.0 release.

由于我们是用的系统盘直接装的，默认的版本是这个：

[oracle@storedb OPatch]$ ./opatch version
OPatch Version: 11.2.0.3.4

版本是11.2.0.3.4 够不到PATCH的最低的安装版本，所以我们需要一个另外的PATCH来更新opatch的版本
Oracle 提供了这样的一个补丁包
p6880880_112000_Linux-x86-64.zip
用来把OPATCH提成到最新的版本
具体的单独升级ORACLE PSU的步骤：

1.把Opatch的环境变量配置
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch:$PATH
2.查看数据库的版本
opatch version
[oracle@<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">storedb</span> OPatch]$ opatch version
OPatch Version: 11.2.0.3.4
OPatch succeeded.
opatch lsinventory
[oracle@kadora4 OPatch]$ opatch lsinventory
Oracle Interim Patch Installer version 11.2.0.3.4
Copyright (c) 2012, Oracle Corporation.  All rights reserved.
Oracle Home       : /opt/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
Central Inventory : /opt/oraInventory
   from           : /opt/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/oraInst.loc
OPatch version    : 11.2.0.3.4
OUI version       : 11.2.0.4.0
Log file location : /opt/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/opatch2014-07-07_10-44-39AM_1.log
Lsinventory Output file location : /opt/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/lsinv/lsinventory2014-07-07_10-44-39AM.txt
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Installed Top-level Products (1):
Oracle Database 11g                                                  11.2.0.4.0
There are 1 products installed in this Oracle Home.
There are no Interim patches installed in this Oracle Home.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3.更新补丁工具包
cd $ORACLE_HOME/
mv OPatch OPath_bak
unzip p6880880_112000_LINUX.zip
cd OPatch
[oracle@racdb1 db_1]$ cd OPatch
[oracle@racdb1 OPatch]$ ls
crs  docs  emdpatch.pl  jlib  ocm  opatch  opatch.bat  opatchdiag  opatchdiag.bat  opatch.ini  opatch.pl  opatchprereqs  oplan  README.txt  version.txt
[oracle@racdb1 OPatch]$
[oracle@racdb1 OPatch]$ opatch version
OPatch Version: 11.2.0.3.6
OPatch succeeded.
4.检查你需要打的补丁是否与现有的补丁有冲突
unzip p18031668_112040_Linux-x86-64.zip
cd 18031668
[oracle@racdb1 18031668]$ opatch prereq CheckConflictAgainstOHWithDetail -ph ./
Oracle Interim Patch Installer version 11.2.0.3.6
Copyright (c) 2013, Oracle Corporation.  All rights reserved.
PREREQ session
Oracle Home       : /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
Central Inventory : /u01/app/oraInventory
   from           : /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/oraInst.loc
OPatch version    : 11.2.0.3.6
OUI version       : 11.2.0.4.0
Log file location : /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/opatch2014-07-09_01-59-50AM_1.log
Invoking prereq "checkconflictagainstohwithdetail"
Prereq "checkConflictAgainstOHWithDetail" passed.
OPatch succeeded.
5.关闭数据库并更新最新的补丁
sqlplus / as sysdba
shutdown immediate
cd 18031668
opatch apply
opatch apply
Oracle Interim Patch Installer version 11.2.0.3.6
Copyright (c) 2013, Oracle Corporation.  All rights reserved.
 
Oracle Home       : /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2/db_1
Central Inventory : /u01/app/oraInventory
   from           : /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2/db_1/oraInst.loc
OPatch version    : 11.2.0.3.6
OUI version       : 11.2.0.4.0
Log file location : /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2/db_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/17478514_Apr_02_2014_15_38_28/apply2014-04-02_15-38-28PM_1.log
 
 
You have not provided an email address for notification of security issues.
Do you wish to remain uninformed of security issues ([Y]es, [N]o) [N]:  y
 
Please shutdown Oracle instances running out of this ORACLE_HOME on the local system.
(Oracle Home = '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2/db_1')
 
Is the local system ready for patching? [y|n]
y
User Responded with: Y
Backing up files...
 
 
Patching component oracle.nlsrtl.rsf, 11.2.0.4.0...
 
Patching component oracle.xdk.rsf, 11.2.0.4.0...
 
Patching component oracle.rdbms.rman, 11.2.0.4.0...
 
OPatch found the word "warning" in the stderr of the make command.
Please look at this stderr. You can re-run this make command.
Stderr output:
ins_emagent.mk:113: warning: overriding commands for target `nmosudo'
ins_emagent.mk:52: warning: ignoring old commands for target `nmosudo'
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2/db_1/sysman/lib/ins_emagent.mk:113: warning: overriding commands for target `nmosudo'
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2/db_1/sysman/lib/ins_emagent.mk:52: warning: ignoring old commands for target `nmosudo'
 
Verifying the update...
Patch 17478514 successfully applied
OPatch Session completed with warnings.
Log file location: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2/db_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/17478514_Apr_02_2014_15_38_28/apply2014-04-02_15-38-28PM_1.log
 
OPatch completed with warnings.
6.查看补丁：
opatch lsinventory
oracle@racdb1 OPatch]$   opatch lsinventory
Oracle Interim Patch Installer version 11.2.0.3.6
Copyright (c) 2013, Oracle Corporation.  All rights reserved.
Oracle Home       : /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
Central Inventory : /u01/app/oraInventory
   from           : /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/oraInst.loc
OPatch version    : 11.2.0.3.6
OUI version       : 11.2.0.4.0
Log file location : /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/opatch2014-07-09_02-10-23AM_1.log
Lsinventory Output file location : /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/lsinv/lsinventory2014-07-09_02-10-23AM.txt
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Installed Top-level Products (1):
Oracle Database 11g                                                  11.2.0.4.0
There are 1 product(s) installed in this Oracle Home.
Interim patches (1) :
Patch  18031668     : applied on Wed Jul 09 00:16:43 EDT 2014
Unique Patch ID:  17255543
Patch description:  "Database Patch Set Update : 11.2.0.4.2 (18031668)"
   Created on 20 Feb 2014, 05:15:58 hrs PST8PDT
Sub-patch  17478514; "Database Patch Set Update : 11.2.0.4.1 (17478514)"
   Bugs fixed:
     17288409, 16399083, 17205719, 17811429, 10136473, 16472716, 17614227
     17050888, 17040764, 17865671, 17325413, 14010183, 17726838, 13364795
     17389192, 17612828, 17080436, 16613964, 17284817, 17441661, 17761775
     17721717, 16721594, 17390431, 18203837, 17551709, 17344412, 16043574
     17446237, 16863422, 18139690, 17071721, 17501491, 17610798, 17239687
     17752121, 17468141, 17602269, 18203835, 17375354, 17313525, 17811456
     16731148, 14133975, 18203838, 16956380, 17385178, 17235750, 13866822
     17394950, 17478514, 17027426, 12905058, 14338435, 16450169, 13944971
     18094246, 16929165, 16785708, 17265217, 17465741, 16220077, 16180763
     16069901, 17546973, 16285691, 17323222, 18180390, 17088068, 16875449
     17016369, 17443671, 16228604, 17811438, 17811447, 16837842, 18031668
     16912439, 17332800, 17393683, 17622427, 17545847, 17186905, 16943711
     16850630, 17082359, 17346671, 14852021, 17783588, 17437634, 16618694
     17341326, 17296856, 17546761, 17716305
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7.执行catbundle.sql将补丁信息反射到数据库中，使数据库知道你最后一次打了什么补丁或者回滚了哪些补丁：
SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/catbundle.sql psu apply
SQL> Rem
SQL>
SQL> SET TERMOUT on
SQL> SET ECHO off
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
1 row selected.
1 row selected.
Generating apply and rollback scripts...
Check the following file for errors:
/u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/catbundle/catbundle_PSU_FTDB_GENERATE_2014Apr02_17_20_18.log
Apply script: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2/db_1/rdbms/admin/catbundle_PSU_FTDB_APPLY.sql
Rollback script: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2/db_1/rdbms/admin/catbundle_PSU_FTDB_ROLLBACK.sql
 
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
 
Executing script file...
 
1 row selected.
 
SQL> COLUMN spool_file NEW_VALUE spool_file NOPRINT
SQL> SELECT '/u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/catbundle/' || 'catbundle_PSU_' || name || '_APPLY_' || TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'YYYYMonDD_hh24_mi_ss', 'NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE=''AMERICAN''') || '.log' AS spool_file FROM v$database;
 
1 row selected.
 
SQL> SPOOL &spool_file
SQL> exec dbms_registry.set_session_namespace('SERVER')
 
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
 
SQL> PROMPT Skipping Spatial because it is not installed or versions mismatch...
Skipping Spatial because it is not installed or versions mismatch...
SQL> ALTER SESSION SET current_schema = SYS;
 
Session altered.
 
SQL> PROMPT Updating registry...
Updating registry...
SQL> INSERT INTO registry$history
  2    (action_time, action,
  3     namespace, version, id,
  4     bundle_series, comments)
  5  VALUES
  6    (SYSTIMESTAMP, 'APPLY',
  7     SYS_CONTEXT('REGISTRY$CTX','NAMESPACE'),
  8     '11.2.0.4',
  9     1,
 10     'PSU',
 11     'PSU 11.2.0.4.1');
1 row created.
SQL> COMMIT;
Commit complete.
SQL> SPOOL off
SQL> SET echo off
Check the following log file for errors:

这个是手动升级db的方法，对于有grid结构的数据库，我们可以通过OPATCH AUTO的方式来进行数据库的自动升级

1,更新gird和oracle用户的Opatch文件
unzip p6880880_112000_Linux-x86-64.zip -d /oracle/11.2.0/grid
unzip p6880880_112000_Linux-x86-64.zip -d /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1

2.生成响应文件
cd /oracle/11.2.0/grid/OPatch/ocm/bin
./emocmrsp

3，自动打补丁，打补丁的时候grid会自动重启
数据库启动状态 su -root
/oracle/11.2.0/grid/OPatch/opatch auto /oracle/media/psu -ocmrf /oracle/11.2.0/grid/OPatch/ocm/bin/ocm.rsp

此步操作我们需要注意几个问题
(1) 补丁集的属组需要为oracle:oinstall
(2) 我们需要断开一切的数据库的连接，不然的话在进行升级的时候会报错
optach auto的过程中我们是看不到具体的错误内容的
它的安装日志在/u01/app/11.2.0/grid/cfgtoollogs这个文件夹下来，如果遇到错误，我们可以看到详细的错误日志，从而分析出错误的原因
(3) 进行opatch auto的时候我们需要关闭掉数据库，grid可以不用关闭，在升级的时候会自动的进行关闭

4. 安装完成进行验证

col action format a6                
col namespace format a10            
col version format a10              
col comments format a15             
col action_time format a30          
col bundle_series format a15        
select * from dba_registry_history; 

opatch lsinventory