常考的数据库面试题及答案

Student(S#,Sname,Sage,Ssex) 学生表 
　　S#：学号; Sname： 学生姓名; Sage：学生年龄; Ssex：学生性别 
　　Course(C#,Cname,T#) 课程表 
　　C#,课程编号;Cname：课程名字;T#：教师编号 
　　SC(S#,C#,score) 成绩表 
　　S#：学号;C#,课程编号;score：成绩 
　　Teacher(T#,Tname) 教师表 
　　T#：教师编号; Tname：教师名字 
　　 
问题： 
　　1、查询“001”课程比“002”课程成绩高的所有学生的学号;

select a.S# from (select s#,score from SC where C#='001') a,(select s#,score from SC where C#='002') b where a.score>b.score and a.s#=b.s#;
 
 
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　　2、查询平均成绩大于60分的同学的学号和平均成绩; 
　　

select S#,avg(score) from sc group by S# having avg(score) >60;
 
 
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　　3、查询所有同学的学号、姓名、选课数、总成绩; 
　　

select Student.S#,Student.Sname,count(SC.C#),sum(score) from Student left Outer join SC on Student.S#=SC.S# group by Student.S#,Sname
 
 
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　　4、查询姓“李”的老师的个数; 
　　

select count(Tname) from Teacher where Tname like '李%';
 
 
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　　5、查询没学过“叶平”老师课的同学的学号、姓名; 
　

　select Student.S#,Student.Sname from Student where S# not in (select distinct( SC.S#) from SC,Course,Teacher where SC.C#=Course.C# and Teacher.T#=Course.T# and Teacher.Tname='叶平');
 
 
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　　6、查询学过“001”并且也学过编号“002”课程的同学的学号、姓名; 
　　

select Student.S#,Student.Sname from Student,SC where Student.S#=SC.S# and SC.C#='001'and exists( Select * from SC as SC_2 where SC_2.S#=SC.S# and SC_2.C#='002');
 
 
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　　7、查询学过“叶平”老师所教的所有课的同学的学号、姓名; 
　

select S#,Sname
from Student
where S# in (select S# from SC ,Course ,Teacher where SC.C#=Course.C# and Teacher.T#=Course.T# and Teacher.Tname='叶平' group by S# having count(SC.C#)=(select count(C#) from Course,Teacher where Teacher.T#=Course.T# and Tname='叶平'));
 
 
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　　8、查询课程编号“002”的成绩比课程编号“001”课程低的所有同学的学号、姓名; 
　　

Select S#,Sname from (select Student.S#,Student.Sname,score ,(select score from SC SC_2 where SC_2.S#=Student.S# and SC_2.C#='002') score2
from Student,SC where Student.S#=SC.S# and C#='001') S_2 where score2
 
 
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　　9、查询所有课程成绩小于60分的同学的学号、姓名; 
　

select S#,Sname
from Student
where S# not in (select Student.S# from Student,SC where     S.S#=SC.S# and score>60);
 
 
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　　10、查询没有学全所有课的同学的学号、姓名; 
　　

select Student.S#,Student.Sname
　　from Student,SC
　　where Student.S#=SC.S# group by Student.S#,Student.Sname having count(C#) <(select count(C#) from Course);
 
 
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　　11、查询至少有一门课与学号为“1001”的同学所学相同的同学的学号和姓名; 
　

　select S#,Sname from Student,SC where Student.S#=SC.S# and C# in select C# from SC where S#='1001';
 
 
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　　12、查询至少学过学号为“001”同学所有一门课的其他同学学号和姓名; 
　　

select distinct SC.S#,Sname
　　from Student,SC
　　where Student.S#=SC.S# and C# in (select C# from SC where S#='001');
 
 
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　　13、把“SC”表中“叶平”老师教的课的成绩都更改为此课程的平均成绩; 
　　

update SC set score=(select avg(SC_2.score)
　　from SC SC_2
　　where SC_2.C#=SC.C# ) from Course,Teacher where Course.C#=SC.C# and Course.T#=Teacher.T# and Teacher.Tname='叶平');
 
 
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　　14、查询和“1002”号的同学学习的课程完全相同的其他同学学号和姓名; 
　

　select S# from SC where C# in (select C# from SC where S#='1002')
　　group by S# having count(*)=(select count(*) from SC where S#='1002');
 
 
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　　15、删除学习“叶平”老师课的SC表记录; 
　

　Delect SC
　　from course ,Teacher
　　where Course.C#=SC.C# and Course.T#= Teacher.T# and Tname='叶平';
 
 
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　　16、向SC表中插入一些记录，这些记录要求符合以下条件：没有上过编号“003”课程的同学学号、2、 
　　号课的平均成绩; 
　

　Insert SC select S#,'002',(Select avg(score)
　　from SC where C#='002') from Student where S# not in (Select S# from SC where C#='002');
 
 
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　　17、按平均成绩从高到低显示所有学生的“数据库”、“企业管理”、“英语”三门的课程成绩，按如下形式显示： 学生ID,,数据库,企业管理,英语,有效课程数,有效平均分 
　　

SELECT S# as 学生ID
　　,(SELECT score FROM SC WHERE SC.S#=t.S# AND C#='004') AS 数据库
　　,(SELECT score FROM SC WHERE SC.S#=t.S# AND C#='001') AS 企业管理
　　,(SELECT score FROM SC WHERE SC.S#=t.S# AND C#='006') AS 英语
　　,COUNT(*) AS 有效课程数, AVG(t.score) AS 平均成绩
　　FROM SC AS t
　　GROUP BY S#
　　ORDER BY avg(t.score)
 
 
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　　18、查询各科成绩最高和最低的分：以如下形式显示：课程ID，最高分，最低分 
　　

SELECT L.C# As 课程ID,L.score AS 最高分,R.score AS 最低分
　　FROM SC L ,SC AS R
　　WHERE L.C# = R.C# and
　　L.score = (SELECT MAX(IL.score)
　　FROM SC AS IL,Student AS IM
　　WHERE L.C# = IL.C# and IM.S#=IL.S#
　　GROUP BY IL.C#)
　　AND
　　R.Score = (SELECT MIN(IR.score)
　　FROM SC AS IR
　　WHERE R.C# = IR.C#
　　GROUP BY IR.C#
　　);
 
 
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　　19、按各科平均成绩从低到高和及格率的百分数从高到低顺序 
　　

SELECT t.C# AS 课程号,max(course.Cname)AS 课程名,isnull(AVG(score),0) AS 平均成绩
　　,100 * SUM(CASE WHEN isnull(score,0)>=60 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)/COUNT(*) AS 及格百分数
　　FROM SC T,Course
　　where t.C#=course.C#
　　GROUP BY t.C#
　　ORDER BY 100 * SUM(CASE WHEN isnull(score,0)>=60 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)/COUNT(*) DESC
 
 
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　　20、查询如下课程平均成绩和及格率的百分数(用”1行”显示): 企业管理(001)，马克思(002)，OO&UML (003)，数据库(004) 
　

　SELECT SUM(CASE WHEN C# ='001' THEN score ELSE 0 END)/SUM(CASE C# WHEN '001' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS 企业管理平均分
　　,100 * SUM(CASE WHEN C# = '001' AND score >= 60 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)/SUM(CASE WHEN C# = '001' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS 企业管理及格百分数
　　,SUM(CASE WHEN C# = '002' THEN score ELSE 0 END)/SUM(CASE C# WHEN '002' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS 马克思平均分
　　,100 * SUM(CASE WHEN C# = '002' AND score >= 60 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)/SUM(CASE WHEN C# = '002' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS 马克思及格百分数
　　,SUM(CASE WHEN C# = '003' THEN score ELSE 0 END)/SUM(CASE C# WHEN '003' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS UML平均分
　　,100 * SUM(CASE WHEN C# = '003' AND score >= 60 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)/SUM(CASE WHEN C# = '003' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS UML及格百分数
　　,SUM(CASE WHEN C# = '004' THEN score ELSE 0 END)/SUM(CASE C# WHEN '004' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS 数据库平均分
　　,100 * SUM(CASE WHEN C# = '004' AND score >= 60 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)/SUM(CASE WHEN C# = '004' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS 数据库及格百分数
　　FROM SC
 
 
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　　21、查询不同老师所教不同课程平均分从高到低显示 
　　

SELECT max(Z.T#) AS 教师ID,MAX(Z.Tname) AS 教师姓名,C.C# AS 课程ID,MAX(C.Cname) AS 课程名称,AVG(Score) AS 平均成绩
　　FROM SC AS T,Course AS C ,Teacher AS Z
　　where T.C#=C.C# and C.T#=Z.T#
　　GROUP BY C.C#
　　ORDER BY AVG(Score) DESC
 
 
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　　22、查询如下课程成绩第 3 名到第 6 名的学生成绩单：企业管理(001)，马克思(002)，UML (003)，数据库(004) 
　　[学生ID],[学生姓名],企业管理,马克思,UML,数据库,平均成绩 
　

　SELECT DISTINCT top 3
　　SC.S# As 学生学号,
　　Student.Sname AS 学生姓名 ,
　　T1.score AS 企业管理,
　　T2.score AS 马克思,
　　T3.score AS UML,
　　T4.score AS 数据库,
　　ISNULL(T1.score,0) + ISNULL(T2.score,0) + ISNULL(T3.score,0) + ISNULL(T4.score,0) as 总分
　　FROM Student,SC LEFT JOIN SC AS T1
　　ON SC.S# = T1.S# AND T1.C# = '001'
　　LEFT JOIN SC AS T2
　　ON SC.S# = T2.S# AND T2.C# = '002'
　　LEFT JOIN SC AS T3
　　ON SC.S# = T3.S# AND T3.C# = '003'
　　LEFT JOIN SC AS T4
　　ON SC.S# = T4.S# AND T4.C# = '004'
　　WHERE student.S#=SC.S# and
　　ISNULL(T1.score,0) + ISNULL(T2.score,0) + ISNULL(T3.score,0) + ISNULL(T4.score,0)
　　NOT IN
　　(SELECT
　　DISTINCT
　　TOP 15 WITH TIES
　　ISNULL(T1.score,0) + ISNULL(T2.score,0) + ISNULL(T3.score,0) + ISNULL(T4.score,0)
　　FROM sc
　　LEFT JOIN sc AS T1
　　ON sc.S# = T1.S# AND T1.C# = 'k1'
　　LEFT JOIN sc AS T2
　　ON sc.S# = T2.S# AND T2.C# = 'k2'
　　LEFT JOIN sc AS T3
　　ON sc.S# = T3.S# AND T3.C# = 'k3'
　　LEFT JOIN sc AS T4
　　ON sc.S# = T4.S# AND T4.C# = 'k4'
　　ORDER BY ISNULL(T1.score,0) + ISNULL(T2.score,0) + ISNULL(T3.score,0) + ISNULL(T4.score,0) DESC);
 
 
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　　23、统计列印各科成绩,各分数段人数:课程ID,课程名称,[100-85],[85-70],[70-60],[ <60] 
　　

SELECT SC.C# as 课程ID, Cname as 课程名称
　　,SUM(CASE WHEN score BETWEEN 85 AND 100 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS [100 - 85]
　　,SUM(CASE WHEN score BETWEEN 70 AND 85 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS [85 - 70]
　　,SUM(CASE WHEN score BETWEEN 60 AND 70 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS [70 - 60]
　　,SUM(CASE WHEN score < 60 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS [60 -]
　　FROM SC,Course
　　where SC.C#=Course.C#
　　GROUP BY SC.C#,Cname;
 
 
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　　24、查询学生平均成绩及其名次 
　

　SELECT 1+(SELECT COUNT( distinct 平均成绩)
　　FROM (SELECT S#,AVG(score) AS 平均成绩
　　FROM SC
　　GROUP BY S#
　　) AS T1
　　WHERE 平均成绩 > T2.平均成绩) as 名次,
　　S# as 学生学号,平均成绩
　　FROM (SELECT S#,AVG(score) 平均成绩
　　FROM SC
　　GROUP BY S#
　　) AS T2
　　ORDER BY 平均成绩 desc;
 
 
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　　25、查询各科成绩前三名的记录:(不考虑成绩并列情况) 
　　

SELECT t1.S# as 学生ID,t1.C# as 课程ID,Score as 分数
　　FROM SC t1
　　WHERE score IN (SELECT TOP 3 score
　　FROM SC
　　WHERE t1.C#= C#
　　ORDER BY score DESC
　　)
　　ORDER BY t1.C#;
 
 
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　　26、查询每门课程被选修的学生数 
　　

select c#,count(S#) from sc group by C#;
 
 
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　　27、查询出只选修了一门课程的全部学生的学号和姓名 
　　

select SC.S#,Student.Sname,count(C#) AS 选课数
　　from SC ,Student
　　where SC.S#=Student.S# group by SC.S# ,Student.Sname having count(C#)=1;
 
 
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　　28、查询男生、女生人数 
　　

Select count(Ssex) as 男生人数 from Student group by Ssex having Ssex='男';
　　Select count(Ssex) as 女生人数 from Student group by Ssex having Ssex='女';
 
 
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　　29、查询姓“张”的学生名单 
　　

SELECT Sname FROM Student WHERE Sname like '张%';
 
 
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　　30、查询同名同性学生名单，并统计同名人数 
　　

select Sname,count(*) from Student group by Sname having count(*)>1;;
 
 
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　　31、1981年出生的学生名单(注：Student表中Sage列的类型是datetime) 
　　

select Sname, CONVERT(char (11),DATEPART(year,Sage)) as age
　　from student
　　where CONVERT(char(11),DATEPART(year,Sage))='1981';
 
 
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　　32、查询每门课程的平均成绩，结果按平均成绩升序排列，平均成绩相同时，按课程号降序排列 
　　

Select C#,Avg(score) from SC group by C# order by Avg(score),C# DESC ;
 
 
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　　33、查询平均成绩大于85的所有学生的学号、姓名和平均成绩 
　　

select Sname,SC.S# ,avg(score)
　　from Student,SC
　　where Student.S#=SC.S# group by SC.S#,Sname having avg(score)>85;
 
 
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　　34、查询课程名称为“数据库”，且分数低于60的学生姓名和分数 
　

　Select Sname,isnull(score,0)
　　from Student,SC,Course
　　where SC.S#=Student.S# and SC.C#=Course.C# and Course.Cname='数据库'and score <60;
 
 
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　　35、查询所有学生的选课情况; 
　　

SELECT SC.S#,SC.C#,Sname,Cname
　　FROM SC,Student,Course
　　where SC.S#=Student.S# and SC.C#=Course.C# ;
 
 
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　　36、查询任何一门课程成绩在70分以上的姓名、课程名称和分数; 
　　

SELECT distinct student.S#,student.Sname,SC.C#,SC.score
　　FROM student,Sc
　　WHERE SC.score>=70 AND SC.S#=student.S#;
 
 
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　　37、查询不及格的课程，并按课程号从大到小排列 
　

　select c# from sc where scor e <60 order by C# ;
 
 
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　　38、查询课程编号为003且课程成绩在80分以上的学生的学号和姓名; 
　

　select SC.S#,Student.Sname from SC,Student where SC.S#=Student.S# and Score>80 and C#='003';
 
 
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　　39、求选了课程的学生人数 
　　

select count(*) from sc;
 
 
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　　40、查询选修“叶平”老师所授课程的学生中，成绩最高的学生姓名及其成绩 
　

　select Student.Sname,score
　　from Student,SC,Course C,Teacher
　　where Student.S#=SC.S# and SC.C#=C.C# and C.T#=Teacher.T# and Teacher.Tname='叶平' and SC.score=(select max(score)from SC where C#=C.C# );
 
 
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　　41、查询各个课程及相应的选修人数

　　select count(*) from sc group by C#;
 
 
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　　42、查询不同课程成绩相同的学生的学号、课程号、学生成绩

　　select distinct A.S#,B.score from SC A ,SC B where A.Score=B.Score and A.C# <>B.C# ;
 
 
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　　43、查询每门功成绩最好的前两名 
　

　SELECT t1.S# as 学生ID,t1.C# as 课程ID,Score as 分数
　　FROM SC t1
　　WHERE score IN (SELECT TOP 2 score
　　FROM SC
　　WHERE t1.C#= C#
　　ORDER BY score DESC
　　)
　　ORDER BY t1.C#;
 
 
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　　44、统计每门课程的学生选修人数(超过10人的课程才统计)。要求输出课程号和选修人数，查询结果按人数降序排列，查询结果按人数降序排列，若人数相同，按课程号升序排列 
　

　select C# as 课程号,count(*) as 人数
　　from sc
　　group by C#
　　order by count(*) desc,c#
　　45、检索至少选修两门课程的学生学号
　　select S#
　　from sc
　　group by s#
　　having count(*) > = 2
 
 
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　　46、查询全部学生都选修的课程的课程号和课程名 
　

　select C#,Cname
　　from Course
　　where C# in (select c# from sc group by c#)
 
 
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　　47、查询没学过“叶平”老师讲授的任一门课程的学生姓名 
　

　select Sname from Student where S# not in (select S# from Course,Teacher,SC where Course.T#=Teacher.T# and SC.C#=course.C# and Tname='叶平');
 
 
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　　48、查询两门以上不及格课程的同学的学号及其平均成绩 
　

　select S#,avg(isnull(score,0)) from SC where S# in (select S# from SC where score <60 group by S# having count(*)>2)group by S#;
 
 
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　　49、检索“004”课程分数小于60，按分数降序排列的同学学号 
　　

select S# from SC where C#='004'and score <60 order by score desc;
 
 
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　　50、删除“002”同学的“001”课程的成绩 
　

　delete from Sc where S#='002'and C#='001';