学习Spring Cloud第十二课（覆写Feign的默认配置）

        先来看官方说明文档，如下：      

Overriding Feign Defaults

A central concept in Spring Cloud’s Feign support is that of the named client. Each feign client is part of an ensemble of components that work together to contact a remote server on demand, and the ensemble has a name that you give it as an application developer using the @FeignClient annotation. Spring Cloud creates a new ensemble as anApplicationContext on demand for each named client using FeignClientsConfiguration. This contains (amongst other things) an feign.Decoder, a feign.Encoder, and a feign.Contract.

Spring Cloud lets you take full control of the feign client by declaring additional configuration (on top of the FeignClientsConfiguration) using @FeignClient. Example:

@FeignClient(name = "stores", configuration = FooConfiguration.class)
public interface StoreClient {
    //..
}

  译文：Spring Cloud的Feign支持的一个中心概念是命名客户端。每个feign client是整体的一部分，它们一起工作以按需联系远程服务器，并且该整体具有一个名称，开发人员可以使用@FeignClent将其命名。Spring Cloud根据需要使用FeignClientsConfiguration为每个命名的客户端创建一个新的整体作为ApplicationContext。这包含（其他）feign Decoder(解码器)，feign Encoder(编码器)和feign Contract(协议)

  Spring Cloud让你通过声明额外的配置来完全控制feign client。

  下面警告与我们学习ribbon时一样，@Configuration与@ComponentScan不能放到同级目录（或@ComponentScan的子目录）

WARNING

The FooConfiguration has to be @Configuration but take care that it is not in a @ComponentScanfor the main application context, otherwise it will be used for every @FeignClient. If you use @ComponentScan (or @SpringBootApplication) you need to take steps to avoid it being included (for instance put it in a separate, non-overlapping package, or specify the packages to scan explicitly in the @ComponentScan).

   接着读文档，下面这句警告的意思是，@FeignClient的url必须与name一起使用，否则启动会有问题。

WARNING

Previously, using the url attribute, did not require the name attribute. Using name is now required.

Placeholders are supported in the name and url attributes.

@FeignClient(name = "${feign.name}", url = "${feign.url}")
public interface StoreClient {
    //..
}

  下面我们便来一起写个demo，我们复制一份feign工程，命名为microservice-simple-consumer-movie-feign-customizing，修改pom.xml文件中的<artifactId>和<name>的值为 icroservice-simple-consumer-movie-feign-customizing。然后在父工程的pom.xml文件当中添加icroservice-simple-consumer-movie-feign-customizing这个模块。

  接下来我们来定义一个ConfigurationFegin，用来覆盖默认的feign配置，为了不与@ComponentScan包冲突，我把它放到com.itmuch.config目录下

package com.itmuch.config;

import feign.Contract;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

/**
 * Created by wanghaijie on 2017/12/4.
 */
@Configuration
public class ConfigurationFegin {
    @Bean
    public Contract feignContract() {
        return new feign.Contract.Default();
    }
}

  修改UserFeignClient文件，一个是加上了"configuration = ConfigurationFegin.class"，另一个是修改了findById上面的注解。

package com.itmuch.cloud;

import com.itmuch.cloud.entity.User;
import com.itmuch.config.ConfigurationFegin;
import feign.Param;
import feign.RequestLine;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.feign.FeignClient;

/**
 * Created by wanghaijie on 2017/12/3.
 */
@FeignClient(name = "microservice-provider-user", configuration = ConfigurationFegin.class)
public interface UserFeignClient {

    @RequestLine("GET /simple/{id}")
    public User findById(@Param("id") Long id);

}

  下面依次启动eureka、端口为7900和7901的user，feign-customizing工程，然后访问http://localhost:8010/movie/1便可以看到如下图所示结果。这时我们使用的是feign的默认配置。

   下面来证明ConfigurationFeign只作用于microservice-provider-user，我们新建一个UserFeignClient2，如下所示。

package com.itmuch.cloud;

import com.itmuch.config.ConfigurationFeign2;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.feign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

/**
 * Created by wanghaijie on 2017/12/5.
 */
@FeignClient(name="xxxx", url = "http://localhost:8761/", configuration = ConfigurationFeign2.class)
public interface UserFeignClient2 {
    @RequestMapping(value = "/eureka/apps/{serviceName}")
    public String findServiceInfoByServiceName(@PathVariable("serviceName") String serviceName);
}

  接着我们再新建一个ConfigurationFeign2（这个类是用来配置权限的，因为我们访问eureka需要用户名和密码）

package com.itmuch.config;

import feign.auth.BasicAuthRequestInterceptor;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

/**
 * Created by wanghaijie on 2017/12/5.
 */
@Configuration
public class ConfigurationFeign2 {
    @Bean
    public BasicAuthRequestInterceptor basicAuthRequestInterceptor() {
        return new BasicAuthRequestInterceptor("user", "password123");
    }
}

  接着在MovieController当中添加

@GetMapping("/{serviceName}")
    public String findServiceInfoByServiceName(@PathVariable String serviceName) {
        return this.userFeignClient2.findServiceInfoByServiceName(serviceName);
    }

  下面我们依次启动Eureaka、端口为7900和7901的两个user工程、feign-customizing工程，然后我们在地址栏中输入http://localhost:8010/microservice-provider-user，结果如下图所示。

  我们再访问http://localhost:8010/movie/1，结果如下图所示，可以看到两个配置的作用是不同的。