一:拦截器 :是在面向切面编程的就是在你的service或者一个方法,前调用一个方法,或者在方法后调用一个方法比如动态代理就是拦截器的简单实现,在你调用方法前打印出字符串(或者做其它业务逻辑的操作),也可以在你调用方法后打印出字符串,甚至在你抛出异常的时候做业务逻辑的操作。
1.Struts2拦截器是在访问某个Action或Action的某个方法,字段之前或之后实施拦截,并且Struts2拦截器是可插拔的,拦截器是AOP的一种实现。
2.拦截器栈(Interceptor Stack)Struts2拦截器栈就是将拦截器按一定的顺序联结成一条链。在访问被拦截的方法或字段时,Struts2拦截器链中的拦截器就会按其之前定义的顺序被调用。
- package com.lzw.struts.Interceptor;
- import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionInvocation;
- import com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.MethodFilterInterceptor;
- public class MyInterceptor extends MethodFilterInterceptor {
- private static final long serialVersionUID = -6410044851077844880L;
- /**
- * 在struts.xml <param name="lzw">struts</param>
- */
- private String lzw;
- public String getLzw() {
- return lzw;
- }
- public void setLzw(String lzw) {
- this.lzw = lzw;
- }
- @Override
- public void destroy() {
- System.out.println("destroy!");
- }
- @Override
- public void init() {
- System.out.println("init!");
- }
- @Override
- protected String doIntercept(ActionInvocation invocation) throws Exception {
- System.out.println("MyInterceptor-start");
- System.out.println(lzw);
- String result = invocation.invoke();
- System.out.println("MyInterceptor-end");
- return result;
- }
- }
- package com.lzw.struts.Interceptor;
- import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionInvocation;
- import com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.MethodFilterInterceptor;
- public class FirstInterceptor extends MethodFilterInterceptor {
- private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
- @Override
- protected String doIntercept(ActionInvocation invocation) throws Exception {
- System.out.println("FirstInterceptor-Start");
- String result = invocation.invoke();
- System.out.println("FirstInterceptor-End");
- return result;
- }
- }
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
- <!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
- "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN"
- "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd">
- <struts>
- <!--开发模式开关,本地可以设为true帮助调试问题,部署到服务器上设为false-->
- <constant name="struts.devMode" value="false"/>
- <!--务必配上该属性,否则会导致AOP注入异常-->
- <constant name="struts.objectFactory.spring.autoWire.alwaysRespect" value="true"/>
- <constant name="struts.i18n.encoding" value="UTF-8" />
- <constant name="struts.multipart.maxSize" value="1000000000"/>
- <package name="strutsLzw" extends="struts-default" namespace="/">
- <interceptors>
- <interceptor name="lzwInterceptorA" class="com.lzw.struts.Interceptor.MyInterceptor">
- <param name="lzw">struts</param>
- </interceptor>
- <interceptor name="lzwInterceptorB" class="com.lzw.struts.Interceptor.FirstInterceptor">
- </interceptor>
- <!-- 定义自己的拦截器栈 -->
- <interceptor-stack name="myStack">
- <interceptor-ref name="lzwInterceptorA"></interceptor-ref>
- <interceptor-ref name="lzwInterceptorB"></interceptor-ref>
- <interceptor-ref name="defaultStack"></interceptor-ref>
- </interceptor-stack>
- </interceptors>
- <!-- 全局的每个action都会拦截 -->
- <default-interceptor-ref name="myStack"></default-interceptor-ref>
- <!-- 增加method="lzwTest" 执行LoginAction的lzwTest方法 否则执行execute方法 -->
- <action name="login" class="com.lzw.struts.action.LoginAction" method="lzwTest">
- <result name="success">/result.jsp</result>
- <result name="failer">/error.jsp</result>
- <result name="input">/error.jsp</result>
- </action>
- </package>
- </struts>
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
- <!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
- "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN"
- "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd">
- <struts>
- <package name="strutsLzw" extends="struts-default">
- <interceptors>
- <interceptor name="lzwInterceptor" class="com.lzw.struts.Interceptor.MyInterceptor">
- <param name="lzw">struts</param>
- </interceptor>
- </interceptors>
- <!-- 增加method="lzwTest" 执行LoginAction的lzwTest方法 否则执行execute方法 -->
- <action name="login" class="com.lzw.struts.action.LoginAction" method="lzwTest">
- <result name="success">/result.jsp</result>
- <result name="failer">/error.jsp</result>
- <result name="input">/error.jsp</result>
- <interceptor-ref name="lzwInterceptor"></interceptor-ref>
- <!--增加defaultStack 否则 验证拦截器不执行,也就是 validate 方法不执行-->
- <interceptor-ref name="defaultStack"></interceptor-ref>
- </action>
- </package>
- </struts>
- <filter>
- <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
- <!-- 已经过时了<filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.FilterDispatcher</filter-class> -->
- <filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class>
- <init-param>
- <param-name>actionPackages</param-name>
- <param-value>com.lzw.struts.action</param-value>
- </init-param>
- </filter>
- <filter-mapping>
- <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
- <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
- </filter-mapping>
- package com.lzw.struts.action;
- import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
- public class LoginAction extends ActionSupport{
- private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
- private String username;
- private String password;
- public String getUsername() {
- return username;
- }
- public void setUsername(String username) {
- this.username = username;
- }
- public String getPassword() {
- return password;
- }
- public void setPassword(String password) {
- this.password = password;
- }
- @Override
- public String execute() throws Exception {
- System.out.println("=====execute=====");
- if ("hello".equals(this.getUsername().trim()) && "world".equals(this.getPassword().trim())) {
- return "success";
- } else {
- this.addFieldError("username", "username or password error");
- return "failer";
- }
- }
- @Override
- public void validate() {
- System.out.println("=====validate=====");
- if (null == this.getUsername() || "".equals(this.getUsername().trim())) {
- this.addFieldError("username", "username required");
- }
- if (null == this.getPassword() || "".equals(this.getPassword().trim())) {
- this.addFieldError("password", "password required");
- }
- }
- public String lzwTest() {
- System.out.println("======Test====");
- return SUCCESS;
- }
- }
- <%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
- <%
- String path = request.getContextPath();
- String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
- %>
- <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
- <html>
- <head>
- <base href="<%=basePath%>">
- <title>My JSP 'login.jsp' starting page</title>
- <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
- <meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
- <meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">
- <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
- <meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
- <!--
- <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
- -->
- </head>
- <body>
- <form action="login.action" method="post">
- username:<input type="text" name="username"><br>
- password:<input type="password" name="password"><br>
- <input type="submit" value="submit">
- </form>
- </body>
- </html>
控制台结果:
- init!
- 2013-10-31 13:51:15 org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol start
- 信息: Starting ProtocolHandler ["http-apr-8080"]
- 2013-10-31 13:51:15 org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol start
- 信息: Starting ProtocolHandler ["ajp-apr-8009"]
- 2013-10-31 13:51:15 org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina start
- 信息: Server startup in 1699 ms
- MyInterceptor-start
- struts
- FirstInterceptor-Start
- =====validate=====
- ======Test====
- FirstInterceptor-End
- MyInterceptor-end
然后再传入servlet或者struts的 action进行业务逻辑,比如过滤掉非法url(不是login.do的地址请求,如果用户没有登陆都过滤掉),或者在传入servlet或者struts的action前统一设置字符集,或者去除掉一些非法字符。主要为了减轻服务器负载,减少压力
- package com.lzw.filter.demo;
- import java.io.IOException;
- import javax.servlet.Filter;
- import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
- import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
- import javax.servlet.ServletException;
- import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
- import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
- public class UserAccessFilter implements Filter{
- @Override
- public void destroy() {
- System.out.println("destroy!");
- }
- @Override
- public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res, FilterChain chain)
- throws IOException, ServletException {
- HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest)req;
- HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse)res;
- HttpSession session = request.getSession();
- if(session.getAttribute("user")== null && request.getRequestURI().indexOf("login.jsp")==-1 ){
- response.sendRedirect("login.jsp");
- return ;
- }
- chain.doFilter(req, res);
- }
- @Override
- public void init(FilterConfig config) throws ServletException {
- //ApplicationFilterConfig[name=UserFilter, filterClass=com.lzw.filter.demo.UserAccessFilter]
- System.out.println(config.toString());
- }
- }
web.xml 中加入:
- <filter>
- <filter-name>UserFilter</filter-name>
- <filter-class>com.lzw.filter.demo.UserAccessFilter</filter-class>
- </filter>
- <filter-mapping>
- <filter-name>UserFilter</filter-name>
- <url-pattern>/jsp/*</url-pattern>
- </filter-mapping>
1、拦截器是基于java的反射机制的,而过滤器是基于函数回调
2、过滤器依赖与servlet容器,而拦截器不依赖与servlet容器
3、拦截器只能对action请求起作用,而过滤器则可以对几乎所有的请求起作用
4、拦截器可以访问action上下文、值栈里的对象,而过滤器不能
5、在action的生命周期中,拦截器可以多次被调用,而过滤器只能在容器初始化时被调用一次
执行顺序 :过滤前 - 拦截前 - Action处理 - 拦截后 - 过滤后。
个人认为过滤是一个横向的过程,首先把客户端提交的内容进行过滤(例如未登录用户不能访问内部页面的处理);
过滤通过后,拦截器将检查用户提交数据的验证,做一些前期的数据处理,接着把处理后的数据发给对应的Action;
Action处理完成返回后,拦截器还可以做其他过程,再向上返回到过滤器的后续操作。
三:监听器:Servlet的监听器Listener,它是实现了javax.servlet.ServletContextListener接口的服务器端程序,它也是随web应用的启动而启动,只初始化一次,随web应用的停止而销毁。
主要作用是:做一些初始化的内容添加工作、设置一些基本的内容、比如一些参数或者是一些固定的对象等等。
- package com.lzw.filter.demo;
- import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
- import javax.servlet.ServletContextEvent;
- import javax.servlet.ServletContextListener;
- public class InitDataListener implements ServletContextListener {
- private static ServletContext servletContext;
- public static ServletContext getServletContext() {
- return servletContext;
- }
- @Override
- public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent contextEvent) {
- servletContext = contextEvent.getServletContext();
- //final ApplicationContext ctx = WebApplicationContextUtils.getWebApplicationContext(servletContext);
- System.out.println("服务器启动完毕!");
- System.out.println(servletContext);
- }
- @Override
- public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent sce) {}
- }
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">
- <welcome-file-list>
- <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
- <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
- <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
- <welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
- <welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
- <welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
- </welcome-file-list>
- <listener>
- <listener-class>com.lzw.filter.demo.InitDataListener</listener-class>
- </listener>
- </web-app>
控制台结果:
- 信息: Starting service Catalina
- 2013-10-31 15:13:55 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine startInternal
- 信息: Starting Servlet Engine: Apache Tomcat/7.0.42
- 服务器启动完毕!
- org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContextFacade@7966340c
- 2013-10-31 15:13:56 org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol start
- 信息: Starting ProtocolHandler ["http-apr-8080"]
- 2013-10-31 15:13:56 org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol start
- 信息: Starting ProtocolHandler ["ajp-apr-8009"]
- 2013-10-31 15:13:56 org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina start
- 信息: Server startup in 402 ms