OC学习----可变字符串

OC学习4

可变字符串学习

    /*
     开学 OC 中 Foundation 框架下的基础类
     */

    /* NSValue和NSNumber
        功能
     将 OC 和 C 语言当中的基本数据类型转换成实例对象,即将值类型转换成引用类型

     NSValue 为NSNumber的父类
     其中NSValue类可以将CGPoint,CGSize,CGRect,NSRange,NSEdgeInsets转换成对象

     其中NSNumber类可以将int,float,double,char,bool等 C 中的基本数据类型转换对象

     我们将 C 和 OC 中的基本数据类型(值类型)转换成对象(引用类型)的过程,叫做封装.相对应的,也有一个将对象转变成基本数据类型,此过程叫做拆包.

     字符串操作:
     1.字符串长度
     2.字符串的截取
     3.字符串比较
        "=="表示两个字符串的指针和内容都相同
        "xxx isEqualToString:yyy"表示两个字符串内容是否相同
     4.根据字符串拿到对应的range
     5.判断字符串中是否有XX前缀或XX后缀
     6.字符串拼接

     note:字符串操作的代码实现在下面.

     */

    //以下为基本数据类型

        int a = 5;
        float b = 4.5;
        double c = 3.14;
        char d = 'c';
        bool flag = YES;  
//      CGPoint point = {3,4};
//      CGSize size = {30,47};//宽和高
//      CGRect rect = {point,size}; 

    //以上注释的3种,通常不以这种方式来编写

        CGPoint point = CGPointMake(3, 4);
        CGSize size = CGSizeMake(30, 47);
        CGRect rect = CGRectMake(1, 2, 3, 4);
        NSRange range = NSMakeRange(3, 7);   

    //转换

        NSValue *pointValue = [NSValue valueWithPoint:point];
        NSValue *sizeValue = [NSValue valueWithSize:size];
        NSValue *rectValue = [NSValue valueWithRect:rect];
        NSValue *rangeValue = [NSValue valueWithRange:range];

        NSNumber *intNumber = [NSNumber numberWithInt:1];
        NSNumber *integerNumber = [NSNumber numberWithInteger:12];
        NSNumber *floatNumber = [NSNumber numberWithFloat:12.3];
        NSNumber *doubleNumber = [NSNumber numberWithDouble:12.45];
        NSNumber *charNumber = [NSNumber numberWithChar:'b'];
        NSNumber *boolNumber = [NSNumber numberWithBool:YES]; 

    //拆包

        CGPoint point1 = [pointValue pointValue];
        CGSize size1 = [sizeValue sizeValue];
        CGRect rect1 = [rectValue rectValue];
        NSRange range1 = [rangeValue rangeValue];

        int a1 = [intNumber intValue];
        NSInteger a2 = [integerNumber integerValue];
        float a3 = [floatNumber floatValue];
        double a4 = [doubleNumber doubleValue];
        char a5 = [charNumber charValue];
        bool a6 = [boolNumber boolValue];  

    //NSString 和 NSMutableString

    /*OC中的字符串具有强大的功能,即封装性极强,我们只需要找到对应API(API指的是功能,方法),就可以对字符串做相应的操作.OC中字符串分为不可亦字符串和可变字符串,其中可变字符串是不可变字符串的子类.
     在ios开发中,字符串通常用作显示文本,即作为UILable,UITextFeild等一些UIKit框架下控件的显示文本
     */

    /*
     NSString 不可变字符串
        1.快速初始化

   NSString *string1 = @"bokanwisdom"; 

        2.格式化的方式初始化

               NSString *string4 = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%d",3]; 

        note:对于用格式化方式来构造字符串实例来讲,其作用并不仅仅来构造一个字符串对象,它还可以用来做字符串拼接

        3.从本地文件中读取字符串

            NSString *string8 = [NSString stringWithContentsOfFile:path encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding error:&error];

            NSString *string9 = [NSString stringWithContentsOfFile:path usedEncoding:&encoding error:&error];  

        4.从网络中读取一个字符串

            NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:@"http://www.baidu.com"];
            NSString *string10 = [NSString stringWithContentsOfURL:url encoding:4 error:&error];    

    //1.初始化一个字符串对象

        NSString *string1 = @"bokanwisdom";
        NSString *string2 = [NSString stringWithString:@"bokanwisdom"];
        NSString *string3 = [[NSString alloc] initWithString:@"bokanwisdom"];

        NSString *string4 = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%d",3];//把整型数字3转换成字符串
        NSString *string5 = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%dbokanwisdom",3];

        NSLog(@"string4 = %@",string5);  

    //对于用格式化方式来构造字符串实例来讲,其作用并不仅仅来构造一个字符串对象,它还可以用来做字符串拼接

        NSString *string6 = @"XXX";
        NSString *string7 = @"bbb";
        NSString *newString = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@%@",string6,string7];
        NSLog(@"%@",newString);   

    //在本地文件中读取字符串,并且知道该文件的编码方式

        NSString *path = @"/Users/4001/Desktop/test.html";
        NSError *error;
        NSString *string8 = [NSString stringWithContentsOfFile:path encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding error:&error];
        NSLog(@"%@",string8);

    //在本地文件中读取字符串,但不知道该文件的编码方式

        NSStringEncoding encoding;
        NSString *string9 = [NSString stringWithContentsOfFile:path usedEncoding:&encoding error:&error];
        NSLog(@"%@,%lu",string9,(unsigned long)encoding);  

    //从网络文件中读取字符串

        NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:@"http://www.baidu.com"];
        NSString *string10 = [NSString stringWithContentsOfURL:url encoding:4 error:&error];
        NSLog(@"string10 = %@",string10);   

    //字符串的操作

          NSString *string11 = @"当女朋友说“随便”的时候，她的意思其实是：老娘懒得去想，也想不出好的，虽然是让你看着办，但你一定要想出我满意的才行";  

    //字符串截取

        NSString *subStr = [string11 substringToIndex:8];//从0开始到第8个
        NSLog(@"subStr = %@",subStr);
        NSString *subStr1 = [string11 substringFromIndex:8];//从第8个开始
        NSLog(@"subStr1 = %@",subStr1);
        NSString *subStr2 = [string11 substringWithRange:NSMakeRange(8, (string11.length) - 8)];//从第5个开始,截取10个字符
        NSLog(@"subStr2 = %@",subStr2);

    //字符串的属性 长度 length


    //字符串比较 如何判断两个字符串是否相等?

           if (subStr2 == subStr1) {
            //内容和指针都相等时,才成立
            NSLog(@"subStr1 和 subStr2 相等");
        }else{
            NSLog(@"subStr1 和 subStr2 不相等");
        }

    //在实际开发过程中,我们通常只需要比较两个字符串的内容是否相等

            if ([subStr1 isEqualToString:subStr2]) {
            NSLog(@"subStr1 和 subStr2 相等");
        }else{
            NSLog(@"subStr1 和 subStr2 不相等");
        }

    //比较字符串大小

        NSString *string12 = @"yanshuxin";
        NSString *string13 = @"Hello";
        NSComparisonResult result = [string12 compare:string13];

        switch (result) {
            case NSOrderedAscending:
                NSLog(@"string12 < string13");
                break;
            case NSOrderedSame:
                NSLog(@"string12 = string13");
                break;
            case NSOrderedDescending:
                NSLog(@"string12 > string13");
                break;

            default:
                break;
        }  

    //根据字符串拿到对应的range

        NSRange strRange = [string11 rangeOfString:@"你看"];
        NSLog(@"strRange = %@",[NSValue valueWithRange:strRange]);

        NSRange strRange1 = [string11 rangeOfString:@"你"];
        NSLog(@"strRange1 = %@",[NSValue valueWithRange:strRange1]);
        //找到第一个就不找了 

    //判断字符串中是否有XX前缀或XX后缀

        NSString *string14 = @"www.baidu.com";
        if ([string14 hasPrefix:@"http://"]) {
            NSLog(@"含有此前缀");
        }else{
            NSLog(@"无此前缀");
        }

        NSString *string15 = @"asdf.jpg";
        if ([string15 hasSuffix:@".jpg"] || [string15 hasSuffix:@".png"]) {
            NSLog(@"含有此后缀");
        }

    //字符串拼接

        NSString *connStr = [@"http://" stringByAppendingString:string14];
        NSLog(@"connStr = %@",connStr);

        NSString *domainStr = @"http://wechat.palm-h.com";
        NSString *xxx = @"login";
        //http://wechat.palm-h.com/login
        NSString *string16 = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@/%@",domainStr,xxx];
        NSLog(@"string16 = %@",string16);

        NSString *string17 = [domainStr stringByAppendingPathComponent:xxx];
        NSLog(@"string17 = %@",string17);

        //http://web.52pk.com/uploads/141017/30_105806_1_lit.jpg
        NSString *imgPath = @"http://web.52pk.com/uploads/141017/30_105806_1_lit.jpg";
        imgPath = [imgPath lastPathComponent];//获取路径的最后一段
        NSLog(@"imgPath = %@",imgPath);

        path = [path lastPathComponent];
        NSLog(@"path = %@",path);

        NSString *theImageName = @"yanshuxin";
        theImageName = [theImageName stringByAppendingPathExtension:@"png"];
        NSLog(@"theImageName = %@",theImageName);   

    //uppercaseString:把所有字母转换为大写
    //lowercaseString:把所有字母转换为小写
    //capitalizedString:每个单词的首字母转换为大写

        NSString *str1 = @"I lovE kongfu";
        NSLog(@"%@ \n %@ \n %@",[str1 uppercaseString],[str1 lowercaseString],[str1 capitalizedString]);

    //不可变字符串:单个内容替换

        stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString
        NSString *aa = [theImageName stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@"y" withString:@"Y"];
        NSLog(@"%@",aa);

    //不可变字符串:指定长度内容替换

        stringByReplacingCharactersInRange
        NSString *aaa = [theImageName stringByReplacingCharactersInRange:NSMakeRange(1, 3) withString:@"ANS"];
        NSLog(@"%@",aaa);

    //不可变字符串:将原字符串的内容进行分割,分割得到的结果放到一个数组里,作为返回值.

        NSString *bb = @"yan,shu,xin";
        NSArray *ary = [bb componentsSeparatedByString:@","];
        for (int tmp = 0; tmp < 3; tmp++) {
            NSLog(@"%@",ary[tmp]);
        }