在 Android 上发送 HTTP 请求的方式一般有两种,HttpURLConnection 和 HttpClient,我们先来学习一下 HttpURLConnection 的用法。
HttpURLConnection用法
首先需要获取到 HttpURLConnection 的实例,一般只需 new 出一个 URL 对象,并传入目标的网络地址,然后调用一下 openConnection()方法即可,如下所示:
URL url = new URL("http://www.baidu.com");
HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
得到了 HttpURLConnection 的实例之后,我们可以设置一下 HTTP 请求所使用的方法。常用的方法主要有两个,GET 和 POST。GET 表示希望从服务器那里获取数据,而 POST 则表示希望提交数据给服务器。写法如下:
connection.setRequestMethod("GET");
接下来就可以进行一些自由的定制了,比如设置连接超时、读取超时的毫秒数,以及服务器希望得到的一些消息头等。这部分内容根据自己的实际情况进行编写,示例写法如下:
connection.setConnectTimeout(8000);
connection.setReadTimeout(8000);
之后再调用 getInputStream()方法就可以获取到服务器返回的输入流了, 剩下的任务就是对输入流进行读取,如下所示:
InputStream in = connection.getInputStream();
最后可以调用 disconnect()方法将这个 HTTP 连接关闭掉,如下所示:
connection.disconnect();
HttpClient用法
HttpClient是 Apache 提供的 HTTP 网络访问接口, 从一开始的时候就被引入到了 AndroidAPI 中。它可以完成和 HttpURLConnection 几乎一模一样的效果,但两者之间的用法却有较大的差别,那么我们自然要看一下 HttpClient 是如何使用的了。
首先你需要知道,HttpClient 是一个接口,因此无法创建它的实例,通常情况下都会创建一个 DefaultHttpClient 的实例,如下所示:
HttpClient httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient();
接下来如果想要发起一条 GET 请求,就可以创建一个 HttpGet 对象,并传入目标的网络地址,然后调用 HttpClient 的 execute()方法即可:
HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet("http://www.baidu.com");
httpClient.execute(httpGet);
使用示例
activity_main.xml布局文件源码
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical" >
<Button
android:id="@+id/send_request"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Send Request - HttpURLConnection" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/send_request2"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Send Request - HttpClient" />
<ScrollView
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent">
<TextView
android:id="@+id/response_text"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
</ScrollView>
</LinearLayout>
MainActivity.java源码
package com.example.luoxn28.activity;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Message;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.os.Handler;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
public class MainActivity extends Activity implements View.OnClickListener {
private static final String TAG = "hdu";
public static final int SHOW_RESPONSE = 0;
private Button sendRequest;
private Button sendRequest2;
private TextView responseText;
private Handler handler = new Handler() {
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
switch (msg.what) {
case SHOW_RESPONSE:
String response = (String) msg.obj;
// 更新UI界面
responseText.setText(response);
break;
default:
break;
}
}
};
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
//requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_NO_TITLE);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
sendRequest = (Button) findViewById(R.id.send_request);
sendRequest2 = (Button) findViewById(R.id.send_request2);
responseText = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.response_text);
sendRequest.setOnClickListener(this);
sendRequest2.setOnClickListener(this);
}
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
switch (v.getId()) {
case R.id.send_request:
sendRequestWithHttpURLConnection();
break;
case R.id.send_request2:
sendRequestWithHttpClient();
break;
default:
break;
}
}
private void sendRequestWithHttpClient() {
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
HttpClient httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient();
HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet("http://www.baidu.com");
HttpResponse httpResponse = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
if (httpResponse.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 200) {
// 请求和响应成功
HttpEntity entity = httpResponse.getEntity();
String response = EntityUtils.toString(entity, "utf-8");
Message message = new Message();
message.what = SHOW_RESPONSE;
message.obj = response.toString();
handler.sendMessage(message);
}
}
catch (Exception ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
}
}
}).start();
}
private void sendRequestWithHttpURLConnection() {
// 开启线程进行发起网络连接
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
HttpURLConnection connection = null;
try {
URL url = new URL("http://www.baidu.com");
connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
connection.setRequestMethod("GET");
connection.setConnectTimeout(8000);
connection.setReadTimeout(8000);
InputStream in = connection.getInputStream();
// 对获取到的流进行读取
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in));
StringBuilder response = new StringBuilder();
String line;
while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
response.append(line);
}
Message message = new Message();
message.what = SHOW_RESPONSE;
// 将服务器放回数据存放到Message中
message.obj = response.toString();
handler.sendMessage(message);
}
catch (Exception ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
}
finally {
if (connection != null) {
connection.disconnect();
}
}
}
}).start();
}
}
AndroidMaintest.xml文件声明权限
在AndroidManifest.xml中声明网络权限
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
参考资料
1、《第一行代码 Android》使用网络技术章节