swift 隐式可选型

1、隐式可选型的基本使用

var errorMessage: String? = nil
errorMessage = "Not Found"
"The message is " + errorMessage!

隐式可选型的定义

var errorMessage: String! = nil
errorMessage = "Not Found"
"The message is " + errorMessage

隐式可选型不需要解包，所以隐式可选型容易出错
以上程序当errorMessage为nil时程序会报错

2、隐式可选型的实际应用

// 主要应用在类的成员变量的初始化上
class City{

    let cityName: String
    unowned var country: Country
    init( cityName: String , country: Country){
        self.cityName = cityName
        self.country = country
    }
}

class Country{

    let countryName: String
    var capitalCity: City!

    init( countryName: String , capitalCity: String ){

        self.countryName = countryName

        self.capitalCity = City(cityName: capitalCity, country: self)
    }

    func showInfo(){
        print("This is \(countryName).")
        print("The capital is \(capitalCity.cityName).")
    }
}

let china = Country(countryName: "China", capitalCity: "Beijing")
china.showInfo()