Python爬虫包 BeautifulSoup 学习（二） 异常处理

面对网络不稳定，页面更新等问题，很可能出现程序异常的问题，所以我们要对程序进行一些异常处理。大家可能觉得处理异常是一个比较麻烦的活，但在面对复杂网页和任务的时候，无疑成为一个很好的代码习惯。

网页‘404’、‘500’等问题

try:
        html = urlopen('http://www.pmcaff.com/2221')
    except HTTPError as e:
        print(e)

返回的是空网页

if html is None:
        print('没有找到网页')

目标标签在网页中缺失

try:
        #不存在的标签
        content = bsObj.nonExistingTag.anotherTag 
    except AttributeError as e:
        print('没有找到你想要的标签')
    else:
        if content == None:
            print('没有找到你想要的标签')
        else:
            print(content)

实例

if sys.version_info[0] == 2:
    from urllib2 import urlopen  # Python 2
    from urllib2 import HTTPError
else:
    from urllib.request import urlopen  # Python3
    from urllib.error import HTTPError
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import sys


def getTitle(url):
    try:
        html = urlopen(url)
    except HTTPError as e:
        print(e)
        return None
    try:
        bsObj = BeautifulSoup(html.read())
        title = bsObj.body.h1
    except AttributeError as e:
        return None
    return title

title = getTitle("http://www.pythonscraping.com/exercises/exercise1.html")
if title == None:
    print("Title could not be found")
else:
    print(title)