django-orm

django搭建orm

1、手动创建数据库

create database orm;

2、在app/models.py里面创建一个类，继承models.Model

from django.db import models
class User(models.Model):
    id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    name = models.CharField(max_length=32)

3、在django项目的settings.py里面配置数据库的相关信息

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
        'NAME':'orm',
        'USER':'root',
        'PASSWORD':'root',
        'HOST':'127.0.0.1',
        'PORT':3306,
    }
}

4、在django项目的init.py里面写上

import  pymysql
pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()

5、给django发布命令
python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrage

注意如下：填写app名称

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'app04'
]

结果如下：

mysql> show tables;
+----------------------------+
| Tables_in_orm              |
+----------------------------+
| app04_user                 |
| auth_group                 |
| auth_group_permissions     |
| auth_permission            |
| auth_user                  |
| auth_user_groups           |
| auth_user_user_permissions |
| django_admin_log           |
| django_content_type        |
| django_migrations          |
| django_session             |
+----------------------------+

数据库的增删改查

from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse, render, redirect
from . import models


def orm(request):
    ########查询###########

    # 查询出所有的表数据
    user_list = models.User.objects.all()
    print(user_list)
    print(user_list[0].id, user_list[0].username)

    # 查询第一条
    user0 = models.User.objects.first()
    print("user0--->", user0.username)

    # 过滤
    user1 = models.User.objects.filter(username="saflyer")
    print("user1", user1, user1[0].username)

    # 拼字典
    tmp = {"username": "saflyer"}
    user2 = models.User.objects.filter(**tmp)
    print(user2[0].username)

    excludeList = models.User.objects.exclude(id=7)
    print("exclude_list", excludeList)
    # get用的少
    # get0 = models.User.objects.get(id=1)
    # print("get0",get0,get0.username)

    ########增加###########

    new_user1 = models.User.objects.create(username="safly~~")
    print("new_user", new_user1)

    new_user2 = models.User(username="wuxxx")
    new_user2.save()

    ########删除###########
    deleUser = models.User.objects.filter(id=1).delete()
    # dele (1, {'app04.User': 1})
    print("dele", deleUser)

    ########修改###########

    modifyUser = models.User.objects. \
        filter(id=10).update(username="hhaha")
    # modifyUser 1
    print("modifyUser", modifyUser)

    modifyUser1 = models.User.objects.filter(id=8).first()
    modifyUser1.username = "一直花"
    modifyUser1.save()

    return render(request, "orm.html", {"user_list": user_list})

多表管理

        python manage.py makemigraions

        python manage.py migrate app名称 --databse=配置文件数据名称的别名

        手动操作：
            models.UserType.objects.using('db1').create(title='普通用户')
            result = models.UserType.objects.all().using('default')

        自动操作：
            class Router1:
                def db_for_read(self, model, **hints):
                    """
                    Attempts to read auth models go to auth_db.
                    """
                    return 'db1'

                def db_for_write(self, model, **hints):
                    """
                    Attempts to write auth models go to auth_db.
                    """
                    return 'default'

            配置：
                DATABASES = {
                    'default': {
                        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
                        'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'),
                    },
                    'db1': {
                        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
                        'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db1.sqlite3'),
                    },
                }
                DATABASE_ROUTERS = ['db_router.Router1',]

            使用：
                models.UserType.objects.create(title='VVIP')

                result = models.UserType.objects.all()
                print(result)

            补充：粒度更细
                class Router1:
                    def db_for_read(self, model, **hints):
                        """
                        Attempts to read auth models go to auth_db.
                        """
                        if model._meta.model_name == 'usertype':
                            return 'db1'
                        else:
                            return 'default'

                    def db_for_write(self, model, **hints):
                        """
                        Attempts to write auth models go to auth_db.
                        """
                        return 'default'

问题：
app01中的表在default数据库创建
app02中的表在db1数据库创建

            #第一步：
                python manage.py makemigraions 

            # 第二步：
                app01中的表在default数据库创建
                python manage.py migrate app01 --database=default

            # 第三步：
                app02中的表在db1数据库创建
                python manage.py migrate app02 --database=db1

            # 手动操作：
                m1.UserType.objects.using('default').create(title='VVIP')
                m2.Users.objects.using('db1').create(name='VVIP',email='xxx')
            # 自动操作：
                配置： 
                    class Router1:
                        def db_for_read(self, model, **hints):
                            """
                            Attempts to read auth models go to auth_db.
                            """
                            if model._meta.app_label == 'app01':
                                return 'default'
                            else:
                                return 'db1'

                        def db_for_write(self, model, **hints):
                            """
                            Attempts to write auth models go to auth_db.
                            """
                            if model._meta.app_label == 'app01':
                                return 'default'
                            else:
                                return 'db1'

                    DATABASE_ROUTERS = ['db_router.Router1',]

                使用： 
                    m1.UserType.objects.using('default').create(title='VVIP')
                    m2.Users.objects.using('db1').create(name='VVIP',email='xxx')

数据库迁移时进行约束：

class Router1:
                        def allow_migrate(self, db, app_label, model_name=None, **hints):
                            """
                            All non-auth models end up in this pool.
                            """
                            if db=='db1' and app_label == 'app02':
                                return True
                            elif db == 'default' and app_label == 'app01':
                                return True
                            else:
                                return False

                            # 如果返回None，那么表示交给后续的router，如果后续没有router，则相当于返回True

                        def db_for_read(self, model, **hints):
                            """
                            Attempts to read auth models go to auth_db.
                            """
                            if model._meta.app_label == 'app01':
                                return 'default'
                            else:
                                return 'db1'

                        def db_for_write(self, model, **hints):
                            """
                            Attempts to write auth models go to auth_db.
                            """
                            if model._meta.app_label == 'app01':
                                return 'default'
                            else:
                                return 'db1'

setting中配置如下（根目录下）：DATABASE_ROUTERS = [‘db_router.Router1’,]