MFC六大关键技术之运行时类型识别（RTTI）

什么是RTTI
运行时类型识别（RTTI）即是程序执行过程中知道某个对象属于某个类。
实现过程
定义CRuntimeClass结构体描述类别：

struct CRuntimeClass
{
// Attributes
	LPCSTR m_lpszClassName;
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>int m_nObjectSize;
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>UINT m_wSchema; // schema number of the loaded class
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>CObject* (PASCAL* m_pfnCreateObject)(); // NULL => abstract class
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>CRuntimeClass* m_pBaseClass;
<span style="white-space: pre;">	</span>// CRuntimeClass objects linked together in simple list</span>

static CRuntimeClass* pFirstClass; // start of class list</span>

CRuntimeClass* m_pNextClass; // linked list of registered classes</span>

};

为了实现运行时识别的目的MFC定义了下列两个宏：

DECLARE_DYNAMIC / IMPLEMENT_DYNAMIC 

DECLARE_DYNAMIC：把CRuntimeClass对象添加到类中，并获取该对象的地址的函数。

<span style="font-size:18px;">#define DECLARE_DYNAMIC(class_name) \
	public: \
	static CRuntimeClass class##class_name; \	//##的作用是告诉编译器将##前后的两个字符串连接起来
	virtual CRuntimeClass* GetRuntimeClass() const;

IMPLEMENT_DYNAMIC：将各个对象连接起来：

#define IMPLEMENT_DYNAMIC(class_name, base_class_name) \
IMPLEMENT_RUNTIMECLASS(class_name, base_class_name, 0xFFFF, NULL)</span><span style="font-size: 13pt;">

其中的_ IMPLEMENT_ RUNTIMECLASS 又是一个宏。在动态生成时会用到：

#define _IMPLEMENT_RUNTIMECLASS(class_name, base_class_name,wSchema,pfnNew) \
static char _lpsz##class_name[] = #class_name; \
CRuntimeClass class_name::class##class_name = { \
_lpsz##class_name, sizeof(class_name), wSchema, pfnNew, \
RUNTIME_CLASS(base_class_name), NULL }; \
static AFX_CLASSINIT _init_##class_name(&class_name::class##class_name); \
CRuntimeClass* class_name::GetRuntimeClass() const \
<{ return &class_name::class##class_name; } \</span>

RUNTIME_CLASS 宏：

#define RUNTIME_CLASS(class_name) \
(&class_name::class##class_name)</span>

IMPLEMENT_ DYNAMIC的关键是使用了下面这个宏，它完成的工作是将各个类串联起来：

struct AFX_CLASSINIT
{ AFX_CLASSINIT(CRuntimeClass* pNewClass); };</span>

其定义如下：

AFX_CLASSINIT::AFX_CLASSINIT(CRuntimeClass* pNewClass)
{
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>pNewClass->m_pNextClass = CRuntimeClass::pFirstClass;
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>CRuntimeClass::pFirstClass = pNewClass;
};