上文介绍了如何应用Netty开发自定义通讯协议，本文在此基础上进一步深化，研究如何同时支持不同的通讯协议。
此处所谓的通讯协议，指的是把Netty通讯管道中的二进制流转换为对象、把对象转换成二进制流的过程。转换过程追根究底还是ChannelInboundHandler、ChannelOutboundHandler的实现类在进行处理。ChannelInboundHandler负责把二进制流转换为对象，ChannelOutboundHandler负责把对象转换为二进制流。
接下来要构建一个Server，同时支持Person通讯协议和String通讯协议。
- Person通讯协议：二进制流与Person对象间的互相转换。
- String通讯协议：二进制流与有固定格式要求的String的相互转换。String格式表示的也是一个Person对象，格式规定为：name:xx;age:xx;sex:xx;
这时候，来自客户端的请求，会依次传递给两个通讯解析接口进行解析，每个通讯接口判断是否是匹配的协议，如果是则进行解析，如果不是则传递给其它通讯接口进行解析。
实体类：Person
package com.guowl.testobjcoder;
import java.io.Serializable;
public class Person implements Serializable{
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
private String name;
private String sex;
private int age;
public String toString() {
return "name:" + name + " sex:" + sex + " age:" + age;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getSex() {
return sex;
}
public void setSex(String sex) {
this.sex = sex;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
}
Server端的类为：Server PersonDecoder StringDecoder BusinessHandler
1、Server 开启Netty服务
package com.guowl.testobjcoder;
import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;
// 测试coder 和 handler 的混合使用
public class Server {
public void start(int port) throws Exception {
EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
try {
ServerBootstrap b = new ServerBootstrap();
b.group(bossGroup, workerGroup).channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
.childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
@Override
public void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
ch.pipeline().addLast(new PersonDecoder());
ch.pipeline().addLast(new StringDecoder());
ch.pipeline().addLast(new BusinessHandler());
}
}).option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 128).childOption(ChannelOption.SO_KEEPALIVE, true);
ChannelFuture f = b.bind(port).sync();
f.channel().closeFuture().sync();
} finally {
workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();
bossGroup.shutdownGracefully();
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Server server = new Server();
server.start(8000);
}
}
package com.guowl.testobjcoder;
import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.handler.codec.ByteToMessageDecoder;
import java.util.List;
import com.guowl.utils.ByteBufToBytes;
import com.guowl.utils.ByteObjConverter;
public class PersonDecoder extends ByteToMessageDecoder {
@Override
protected void decode(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ByteBuf in, List<Object> out) throws Exception {
byte n = "n".getBytes()[0];
byte p = in.readByte();
in.resetReaderIndex();
if (n != p) {
// 把读取的起始位置重置
ByteBufToBytes reader = new ByteBufToBytes();
out.add(ByteObjConverter.byteToObject(reader.read(in)));
} else {
// 执行其它的decode
ctx.fireChannelRead(in);
}
}
}
package com.guowl.testobjcoder;
import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.handler.codec.ByteToMessageDecoder;
import java.util.List;
import com.guowl.utils.ByteBufToBytes;
public class StringDecoder extends ByteToMessageDecoder {
@Override
protected void decode(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ByteBuf in, List<Object> out) throws Exception {
// 判断是否是String协议
byte n = "n".getBytes()[0];
byte p = in.readByte();
// 把读取的起始位置重置
in.resetReaderIndex();
if (n == p) {
ByteBufToBytes reader = new ByteBufToBytes();
String msg = new String(reader.read(in));
Person person = buildPerson(msg);
out.add(person);
//in.release();
} else {
ctx.fireChannelRead(in);
}
}
private Person buildPerson(String msg) {
Person person = new Person();
String[] msgArray = msg.split(";|:");
person.setName(msgArray[1]);
person.setAge(Integer.parseInt(msgArray[3]));
person.setSex(msgArray[5]);
return person;
}
}
4、BusinessHandler 展现客户端请求的内容
package com.guowl.testobjcoder;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
public class BusinessHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {
private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(BusinessHandler.class);
@Override
public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
Person person = (Person) msg;
logger.info("BusinessHandler read msg from client :" + person);
}
@Override
public void channelReadComplete(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
ctx.flush();
}<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>// 解决注意事项1中的问题。<pre name="code" class="java"><span style="white-space:pre"> </span>@Override
public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
ctx.close();
}
客户端1发送Person格式的协议：Client ClientInitHandler PersonEncoder
1、Client
package com.guowl.testobjcoder;
import io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel;
public class Client {
public void connect(String host, int port) throws Exception {
EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
try {
Bootstrap b = new Bootstrap();
b.group(workerGroup);
b.channel(NioSocketChannel.class);
b.option(ChannelOption.SO_KEEPALIVE, true);
b.handler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
@Override
public void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
ch.pipeline().addLast(new PersonEncoder());
Person person = new Person();
person.setName("guowl");
person.setSex("man");
person.setAge(30);
ch.pipeline().addLast(new ClientInitHandler(person));
}
});
ChannelFuture f = b.connect(host, port).sync();
f.channel().closeFuture().sync();
} finally {
workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Client client = new Client();
client.connect("127.0.0.1", 8000);
}
}
2、ClientInitHandler 向服务端发送Person对象
package com.guowl.testobjcoder;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
public class ClientInitHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {
private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ClientInitHandler.class);
private Person person;
public ClientInitHandler(Person person){
this.person = person;
}
@Override
public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
logger.info("ClientInitHandler.channelActive");
ctx.write(person);
ctx.flush();
}
}
3、PersonEncoder 把Person对象转换成二进制进行传送
package com.guowl.testobjcoder;
import com.guowl.utils.ByteObjConverter;
import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.handler.codec.MessageToByteEncoder;
public class PersonEncoder extends MessageToByteEncoder<Person> {
@Override
protected void encode(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Person msg, ByteBuf out) throws Exception {
out.writeBytes(ByteObjConverter.objectToByte(msg));
}
}
客户端2发送String格式的协议：Client2 StringEncoder 同样使用了客户端1中定义的ClientInitHandler 进行数据发送操作。
1、Client2
package com.guowl.testobjcoder.client2;
import io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel;
import com.guowl.testobjcoder.ClientInitHandler;
import com.guowl.testobjcoder.Person;
public class Client2 {
public void connect(String host, int port) throws Exception {
EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
try {
Bootstrap b = new Bootstrap();
b.group(workerGroup);
b.channel(NioSocketChannel.class);
b.option(ChannelOption.SO_KEEPALIVE, true);
b.handler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
@Override
public void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
ch.pipeline().addLast(new StringEncoder());
Person person = new Person();
person.setName("guoxy");
person.setSex("girl");
person.setAge(4);
ch.pipeline().addLast(new ClientInitHandler(person));
}
});
ChannelFuture f = b.connect(host, port).sync();
f.channel().closeFuture().sync();
} finally {
workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Client2 client = new Client2();
client.connect("127.0.0.1", 8000);
}
}
2、StringEncoder 把Person对象转换成固定格式的String的二进制流进行传送
package com.guowl.testobjcoder.client2;
import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.handler.codec.MessageToByteEncoder;
import com.guowl.testobjcoder.Person;
public class StringEncoder extends MessageToByteEncoder<Person> {
@Override
protected void encode(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Person msg, ByteBuf out) throws Exception {
// 转成字符串：name:xx;age:xx;sex:xx;
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
sb.append("name:").append(msg.getName()).append(";");
sb.append("age:").append(msg.getAge()).append(";");
sb.append("sex:").append(msg.getSex()).append(";");
out.writeBytes(sb.toString().getBytes());
}
}
其它：工具类ByteBufToBytes（读取ByteBuf数据的工具类）、ByteObjConverter（Object与byte互转的工具类）在以前的文章中已经存在，在此省略。
注意事项：
1、该段代码能运行出结果，但是运行的时候会报 io.netty.util.IllegalReferenceCountException: refCnt: 0, decrement: 1 异常，已经解决。日志中的提示信息为：
An exceptionCaught() event was fired, and it reached at the tail of the pipeline. It usually means the last handler in the pipeline did not handle the exception
An exceptionCaught() event was fired, and it reached at the tail of the pipeline. It usually means the last handler in the pipeline did not handle the exception
说明缺少exceptionCaught方法，在server端最后一个Handler中增加这个方法即可。
2、PersonDecoder和StringDecoder中有一个if判断，是为了判断消息究竟是什么协议。如果是String协议的话，格式是【name:xx;age:xx;sex:xx;】，第一个字母是英文字母n，所以判断协议类型时候是读取二进制流的第一个字符进行判断，当然这种判断方式非常幼稚，以后有机会可以进行改善。
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