用FragmentTabHost管理Fragment，实现页面切换

现在大多数的应用的主页面都有点类似新浪微博的主页面，下方是一个导航栏，点击导航栏会进行页面的切换。从技术实现上来说，这并不复杂，可以有很多方法来实现，比如用radiogroup和fragment配合就可以。可是这样我们并不是我们想要的，因为这样写需要我们自己写不少逻辑去控制。俗话说不会偷懒的程序员不是好程序员，所以我们希望系统给我们提供一个可以对Fragment管理的类，我们不用关心太多的逻辑，只需要做好相应Fragment的显示，那样是不是很爽。值得高兴的是系统真的提供了这样一个类：FragmentTabHost。可是它存在一个缺陷，到后面再说，我们先简单看一下它的用法。

它的用法和别的控件一样需要我们先在布局文件中声明，如下：

接下来我们就需要创建导航栏单个item的通用布局，如下：

这里只是简单的演示一下用法，Fragment布局里面就一个TextView用于在切换的时候区分，这里就不贴代码了。
接下来我们在activity里面进行设置就可以了，代码如下：

package com.demo.zhangs.demo_fragmenttabhost;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.v4.app.FragmentActivity;
import android.support.v4.app.FragmentTabHost;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.TabHost;
import android.widget.TextView;

/**
 * Created by Admin on 2016/5/18.
 */
public class MainActivity extends FragmentActivity {
    private static final String TAG = "MainActivity";

    //定义FragmentTabHost对象
    private FragmentTabHost mTabHost;

    //定义一个布局
    private LayoutInflater layoutInflater;

    //定义数组来存放Fragment界面
    private Class fragmentArray[] = {Fragment_home.class, Fragment_quotation.class, Fragment_me.class};

    //定义数组来存放按钮图片
    private int mImageViewArray[] = {R.drawable.selector_home, R.drawable.selector_quotation, R.drawable.selector_me};
    //Tab选项卡的文字
    private String mTextviewArray[] = {"首页", "报价单", "我的"};

    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        initView();

    }

    /**
     * 初始化组件
     */
    private void initView() {
        //实例化布局对象
        layoutInflater = LayoutInflater.from(this);

        //实例化TabHost对象，得到TabHost
        mTabHost = (FragmentTabHost) findViewById(android.R.id.tabhost);
        mTabHost.setup(this, getSupportFragmentManager(), R.id.container_fragment);

        //得到fragment的个数
        int count = fragmentArray.length;

        for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
            //为每一个Tab按钮设置图标、文字和内容
            TabHost.TabSpec tabSpec = mTabHost.newTabSpec(mTextviewArray[i]).setIndicator(getTabItemView(i));
            //将Tab按钮添加进Tab选项卡中
            mTabHost.addTab(tabSpec, fragmentArray[i], null);
            //可以根据自己的需求设置Tab按钮的背景
//            mTabHost.getTabWidget().getChildAt(i).setBackgroundResource(R.drawable.selector_tab_background);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 给Tab按钮设置图标和文字
     */
    private View getTabItemView(int index) {
        View view = layoutInflater.inflate(R.layout.tab_item_view, null);

        ImageView imageView = (ImageView) view.findViewById(R.id.tab_icon);
        imageView.setImageResource(mImageViewArray[index]);

        TextView textView = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.tab_text);
        textView.setText(mTextviewArray[index]);

        return view;
    }
}

简单看一下效果：

ok~效果出来了  上面说过它存在一个缺陷，缺陷就是每次FragmentTabHost切换fragment时会重新调用onCreateView()重新绘制UI。假如我们在onCreateView()中有网络操作，在切换的时候也会重复进行，这样当然不是我们希望的。当然也有解决方法，我们可以在onCreateView()方法里面做一些处理：

private View rootView;// 缓存Fragment view

  @Override
  public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
      Bundle savedInstanceState)
  {
    Log.i(TAG, "onCreateView");

    if (rootView == null)
    {
      rootView = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_home, null);
      //假如有网络操作建议放在这里面，避免重复加载
   }
    // 缓存的rootView需要判断是否已经被加过parent，如果有parent需要从parent删除，要不然会发生这个rootview已经有parent的错误。
    ViewGroup parent = (ViewGroup) rootView.getParent();
    if (parent != null)
    {
      parent.removeView(rootView);
    }
    return rootView;
  }

到这也算是比较圆满了，可是大家想过没有，假如它内部能够通过hide和show来管理fragment多好，这样我们就不用做以上处理，而且在效率上也会高了很多。下面我就贴一个重写了的FragmentTabHost它的内部就是通过hide和show来隐藏和显示Fragment的，而且它的用法和系统的完全一样。大家可以导入到自己的项目中，直接使用。

/*
 * Copyright (C) 2012 The Android Open Source Project
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package com.demo.zhangs.demo_fragmenttabhost;

import android.content.Context;
import android.content.res.TypedArray;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Parcel;
import android.os.Parcelable;
import android.support.v4.app.Fragment;
import android.support.v4.app.FragmentManager;
import android.support.v4.app.FragmentTransaction;
import android.util.AttributeSet;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.FrameLayout;
import android.widget.LinearLayout;
import android.widget.TabHost;
import android.widget.TabWidget;

import java.util.ArrayList;

/**
 * Special TabHost that allows the use of {@link Fragment} objects for its tab
 * content. When placing this in a view hierarchy, after inflating the hierarchy
 * you must call {@link #setup(Context, FragmentManager, int)} to complete the
 * initialization of the tab host.
 * 
 * 

 * Here is a simple example of using a FragmentTabHost in an Activity:
 * 
 * {@sample
 * development/samples/Support4Demos/src/com/example/android/supportv4/app/
 * FragmentTabs.java complete}
 * 
 * 

 * This can also be used inside of a fragment through fragment nesting:
 * 
 * {@sample
 * development/samples/Support4Demos/src/com/example/android/supportv4/app/
 * FragmentTabsFragmentSupport.java complete}
 */
public class FragmentTabHost extends TabHost implements
		TabHost.OnTabChangeListener {
	private final ArrayList
     
     
      
       mTabs = new ArrayList
      
      
       
       ();
	private FrameLayout mRealTabContent;
	private Context mContext;
	private FragmentManager mFragmentManager;
	private int mContainerId;
	private OnTabChangeListener mOnTabChangeListener;
	private TabInfo mLastTab;
	private boolean mAttached;

	static final class TabInfo {
		private final String tag;
		private final Class
       
        clss;
		private final Bundle args;
		private Fragment fragment;

		TabInfo(String _tag, Class
       
        _class, Bundle _args) {
			tag = _tag;
			clss = _class;
			args = _args;
		}
	}

	static class DummyTabFactory implements TabContentFactory {
		private final Context mContext;

		public DummyTabFactory(Context context) {
			mContext = context;
		}

		@Override
		public View createTabContent(String tag) {
			View v = new View(mContext);
			v.setMinimumWidth(0);
			v.setMinimumHeight(0);
			return v;
		}
	}

	static class SavedState extends BaseSavedState {
		String curTab;

		SavedState(Parcelable superState) {
			super(superState);
		}

		private SavedState(Parcel in) {
			super(in);
			curTab = in.readString();
		}

		@Override
		public void writeToParcel(Parcel out, int flags) {
			super.writeToParcel(out, flags);
			out.writeString(curTab);
		}

		@Override
		public String toString() {
			return "FragmentTabHost.SavedState{"
					+ Integer.toHexString(System.identityHashCode(this))
					+ " curTab=" + curTab + "}";
		}

		public static final Creator
       
       
        
         CREATOR = new Creator
        
        
          () { public SavedState createFromParcel(Parcel in) { return new SavedState(in); } public SavedState[] newArray(int size) { return new SavedState[size]; } }; } public FragmentTabHost(Context context) { // Note that we call through to the version that takes an AttributeSet, // because the simple Context construct can result in a broken object! super(context, null); initFragmentTabHost(context, null); } public FragmentTabHost(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) { super(context, attrs); initFragmentTabHost(context, attrs); } private void initFragmentTabHost(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) { TypedArray a = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, new int[] { android.R.attr.inflatedId }, 0, 0); mContainerId = a.getResourceId(0, 0); a.recycle(); super.setOnTabChangedListener(this); } private void ensureHierarchy(Context context) { // If owner hasn't made its own view hierarchy, then as a convenience // we will construct a standard one here. if (findViewById(android.R.id.tabs) == null) { LinearLayout ll = new LinearLayout(context); ll.setOrientation(LinearLayout.VERTICAL); addView(ll, new LayoutParams( ViewGroup.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT, ViewGroup.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT)); TabWidget tw = new TabWidget(context); tw.setId(android.R.id.tabs); tw.setOrientation(TabWidget.HORIZONTAL); ll.addView(tw, new LinearLayout.LayoutParams( ViewGroup.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT, ViewGroup.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT, 0)); FrameLayout fl = new FrameLayout(context); fl.setId(android.R.id.tabcontent); ll.addView(fl, new LinearLayout.LayoutParams(0, 0, 0)); mRealTabContent = fl = new FrameLayout(context); mRealTabContent.setId(mContainerId); ll.addView(fl, new LinearLayout.LayoutParams( LinearLayout.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT, 0, 1)); } } /** * @deprecated Don't call the original TabHost setup, you must instead call * {@link #setup(Context, FragmentManager)} or * {@link #setup(Context, FragmentManager, int)}. */ @Override @Deprecated public void setup() { throw new IllegalStateException( "Must call setup() that takes a Context and FragmentManager"); } public void setup(Context context, FragmentManager manager) { ensureHierarchy(context); // Ensure views required by super.setup() super.setup(); mContext = context; mFragmentManager = manager; ensureContent(); } public void setup(Context context, FragmentManager manager, int containerId) { ensureHierarchy(context); // Ensure views required by super.setup() super.setup(); mContext = context; mFragmentManager = manager; mContainerId = containerId; ensureContent(); mRealTabContent.setId(containerId); // We must have an ID to be able to save/restore our state. If // the owner hasn't set one at this point, we will set it ourself. if (getId() == View.NO_ID) { setId(android.R.id.tabhost); } } private void ensureContent() { if (mRealTabContent == null) { mRealTabContent = (FrameLayout) findViewById(mContainerId); if (mRealTabContent == null) { throw new IllegalStateException( "No tab content FrameLayout found for id " + mContainerId); } } } @Override public void setOnTabChangedListener(OnTabChangeListener l) { mOnTabChangeListener = l; } public void addTab(TabSpec tabSpec, Class 
          clss, Bundle args) { tabSpec.setContent(new DummyTabFactory(mContext)); String tag = tabSpec.getTag(); TabInfo info = new TabInfo(tag, clss, args); if (mAttached) { // If we are already attached to the window, then check to make // sure this tab's fragment is inactive if it exists. This shouldn't // normally happen. info.fragment = mFragmentManager.findFragmentByTag(tag); if (info.fragment != null && !info.fragment.isDetached()) { FragmentTransaction ft = mFragmentManager.beginTransaction(); // ft.detach(info.fragment); ft.hide(info.fragment); ft.commit(); } } mTabs.add(info); addTab(tabSpec); } @Override protected void onAttachedToWindow() { super.onAttachedToWindow(); String currentTab = getCurrentTabTag(); // Go through all tabs and make sure their fragments match // the correct state. FragmentTransaction ft = null; for (int i = 0; i < mTabs.size(); i++) { TabInfo tab = mTabs.get(i); tab.fragment = mFragmentManager.findFragmentByTag(tab.tag); // if (tab.fragment != null && !tab.fragment.isDetached()) { if (tab.fragment != null) { if (tab.tag.equals(currentTab)) { // The fragment for this tab is already there and // active, and it is what we really want to have // as the current tab. Nothing to do. mLastTab = tab; } else { // This fragment was restored in the active state, // but is not the current tab. Deactivate it. if (ft == null) { ft = mFragmentManager.beginTransaction(); } // ft.detach(tab.fragment); ft.hide(tab.fragment); } } } // We are now ready to go. Make sure we are switched to the // correct tab. mAttached = true; ft = doTabChanged(currentTab, ft); if (ft != null) { ft.commit(); mFragmentManager.executePendingTransactions(); } } @Override protected void onDetachedFromWindow() { super.onDetachedFromWindow(); mAttached = false; } @Override protected Parcelable onSaveInstanceState() { Parcelable superState = super.onSaveInstanceState(); SavedState ss = new SavedState(superState); ss.curTab = getCurrentTabTag(); return ss; } @Override protected void onRestoreInstanceState(Parcelable state) { SavedState ss = (SavedState) state; super.onRestoreInstanceState(ss.getSuperState()); setCurrentTabByTag(ss.curTab); } @Override public void onTabChanged(String tabId) { if (mAttached) { FragmentTransaction ft = doTabChanged(tabId, null); if (ft != null) { ft.commit(); } } if (mOnTabChangeListener != null) { mOnTabChangeListener.onTabChanged(tabId); } } private FragmentTransaction doTabChanged(String tabId, FragmentTransaction ft) { TabInfo newTab = null; for (int i = 0; i < mTabs.size(); i++) { TabInfo tab = mTabs.get(i); if (tab.tag.equals(tabId)) { newTab = tab; } } if (newTab == null) { throw new IllegalStateException("No tab known for tag " + tabId); } if (mLastTab != newTab) { if (ft == null) { ft = mFragmentManager.beginTransaction(); } if (mLastTab != null) { if (mLastTab.fragment != null) { // ft.detach(mLastTab.fragment); ft.hide(mLastTab.fragment); } } if (newTab != null) { if (newTab.fragment == null) { newTab.fragment = Fragment.instantiate(mContext, newTab.clss.getName(), newTab.args); ft.add(mContainerId, newTab.fragment, newTab.tag); } else { // ft.attach(newTab.fragment); ft.show(newTab.fragment); } } mLastTab = newTab; } return ft; } } 
        
       
       
      
      
     
     

最后我们来想一想，用它来管理Fragment的好处是什么。比如说，需求发生了改变，我们需要添加或删除Fragment的时候，我们只需要，在Class数组添加或删除相应的Fragment的calss，别的逻辑都不需要改变就可以达到我们想要的效果。ok~就写这么多了。