Junit运行时，报错：Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.hamcrest.SelfDescribing

在进行junit测试的时候，导入junit-4.12.jar，运行报错：

java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/hamcrest/SelfDescribing
	at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass1(Native Method)
	at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass(Unknown Source)
	at java.security.SecureClassLoader.defineClass(Unknown Source)
	at java.net.URLClassLoader.defineClass(Unknown Source)
	at java.net.URLClassLoader.access$100(Unknown Source)
	at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(Unknown Source)
	at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(Unknown Source)
	at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
	at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(Unknown Source)
	at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
	at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
	at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
	at org.junit.internal.builders.JUnit4Builder.runnerForClass(JUnit4Builder.java:10)
	at org.junit.runners.model.RunnerBuilder.safeRunnerForClass(RunnerBuilder.java:59)
	at org.junit.internal.builders.AllDefaultPossibilitiesBuilder.runnerForClass(AllDefaultPossibilitiesBuilder.java:26)
	at org.junit.runners.model.RunnerBuilder.safeRunnerForClass(RunnerBuilder.java:59)
	at org.junit.internal.requests.ClassRequest.getRunner(ClassRequest.java:33)
	at org.junit.internal.requests.FilterRequest.getRunner(FilterRequest.java:36)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.<init>(JUnit4TestReference.java:33)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestMethodReference.<init>(JUnit4TestMethodReference.java:25)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestLoader.createTest(JUnit4TestLoader.java:54)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestLoader.loadTests(JUnit4TestLoader.java:38)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:444)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:675)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:382)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:192)
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.hamcrest.SelfDescribing
	at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(Unknown Source)
	at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(Unknown Source)
	at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
	at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(Unknown Source)
	at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
	at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
	at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
	... 26 more

Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.hamcrest.SelfDescribing

使用发现总是报java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/hamcrest/SelfDescribing这样的错误，上网查了一下，一般的解决方案是，换一个低一点的版本就好了。还有人说，是缺少hamcrest的包。去官网又看了一下，结果发现这样一段话：

• junit.jar: Includes the Hamcrest classes. The simple all-in-one solution to get started quickly.Starting with version 4.11, Hamcrest is no longer included in this jar.
• junit-dep.jar: Only includes the JUnit classes but not Hamcrest. Lets you use a different Hamcrest version.

注意黑色加下划线的部分。说明4.1.1中没有hamcrest包了，不知道作者是怎么想的。

最好的解决方法是：

使用是导入包的方案：junit.jar + hamcrest-core.jar + hamcrest-library.jar

或者是：junit-dep.ajr+hancrest-all.jar

这两种导入方法虽然尽量避免了导入重复的包，但使用时还是遇到了冲突。查看包中各类和文档后发现有些类(例如：断言is()）同时出现在了org.hamcrest.Mathchers和org.hamcrest.core中，则在用到时候引入的时候需要注意。

我的解决方法：

把jar包换成junit-4.10.jar，

运行成功！