MAC El Capitan以上版本安装cx_Oracle

其实安装的步骤是非常简单的，按照其他博客的安装：
http://thelaziestprogrammer.com/sharrington/databases/oracle/install-cx_oracle-mac
你可以很快的完成。但我的版本是MacOs Sierra，无论怎么安装死活都是：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
ImportError: dlopen(/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/cx_Oracle.so, 2): Library not loaded: @rpath/libclntsh.dylib.12.1
  Referenced from: /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/cx_Oracle.so
  Reason: image not found

怎么解决这个问题？
首先，cx_Oracle.so是一个库，会动态连接很多文件，libclntsh.dylib.12.1就是其中一个，我们可以使用otool命令, -L和-l参数查看该文件的dependency：

otool -L /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/cx_Oracle.so
/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/cx_Oracle.so:
    @rpath/libclntsh.dylib.12.1 (compatibility version 0.0.0, current version 0.0.0)
    /usr/lib/libSystem.B.dylib (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 1238.60.2)

otool -l /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/cx_Oracle.so
/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/cx_Oracle.so:
Mach header
      magic cputype cpusubtype  caps    filetype ncmds sizeofcmds      flags
 0xfeedfacf 16777223          3  0x00           8    14       1416 0x00000085
...
Load command 9
          cmd LC_LOAD_DYLIB
      cmdsize 56
         name @rpath/libclntsh.dylib.12.1 (offset 24)
   time stamp 2 Thu Jan  1 08:00:02 1970
      current version 0.0.0
compatibility version 0.0.0
Load command 10
          cmd LC_LOAD_DYLIB
      cmdsize 56
         name /usr/lib/libSystem.B.dylib (offset 24)
   time stamp 2 Thu Jan  1 08:00:02 1970
      current version 1238.60.2
compatibility version 1.0.0
Load command 11
      cmd LC_FUNCTION_STARTS
  cmdsize 16
  dataoff 132856
 datasize 424
Load command 12
      cmd LC_DATA_IN_CODE
  cmdsize 16
  dataoff 133280
 datasize 32

从otool -l的命令输出里面，我们没有找到类似的打印：

Load command 13
          cmd LC_RPATH
      cmdsize 48
         path /usr/local/opt/instantclient_12_1/ (offset 12)

这表示@rpath对应的LC_RPATH没有在编译cx_Oracle.so的时候加入到包中，那么我们就手动加：

install_name_tool -add_rpath /usr/local/opt/instantclient_12_1/ /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/cx_Oracle.so