过滤器:当访问一个web资源的时候,过滤器就在你访问这个web资源的前进行拦截...在放行过后...filter过滤器也可以做一些其他的事情.
编写过滤器的步骤:
1.写一个过滤器类实现filter接口
2.在web.xml文件中进行注册..
案例1:
(1).过滤器类
package cn.itheima.filter;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
public class FilterDemo1 implements Filter {
//过滤器初始化的时候调用这个方法
public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
System.out.println("init....");
}
public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response,
FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
System.out.println("过滤....");
//放行
chain.doFilter(request, response);
}
//过滤器对象死亡的时候做的善后工作
public void destroy() {
System.out.println("destory....");
}
}
(2).web.xml文件中的配置:
<filter>
<filter-name>FilterDemo1</filter-name>
<filter-class>cn.itheima.filter.FilterDemo1</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>FilterDemo1</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
(3).编写一个servlet进行测试:
package cn.itheima.servlet;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class FilterDemo1 extends HttpServlet {
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
response.getWriter().write("Hello world!");
}
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(request, response);
}
}
运行结果:
当我们启动tomcat的时候,加载day14应用完毕的时候init方法执行....
当我们访问FilterDemo1的时候....如果放行即有doFilter()...就会在页面中看到hello world的字样。如果没有放行,就不会看到...
当关闭tomcat的时候,我们发现destory方法执行....
因此我们可以总结出filter的生命周期:
生命周期:
当服务器启动时,web应用加载后,立即创建这个web应用中的所有的过滤器,过滤器创建出来后立即调用init方法执行初始化的操作.
创建出来后一直驻留在内存中为后续的拦截进行服务.每次拦截到请求后都会导致doFilter方法执行.
在服务器关闭或web应用被移除出容器时,随着web应用的销毁过滤器对象销毁.销毁之前调用destory方法执行善后工作.
案例2:
(1).我们写两个过滤器FilterDemo1和FilterDemo2
package cn.itheima.filter;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
public class FilterDemo1 implements Filter {
//过滤器初始化的时候调用这个方法
public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
}
public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response,
FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
System.out.println("filterDemo1....before");
chain.doFilter(request, response);
System.out.println("filterDemo1....after");
}
//过滤器对象死亡的时候做的善后工作
public void destroy() {
}
}
package cn.itheima.filter;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
public class FilterDemo2 implements Filter {
public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
}
public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response,
FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
System.out.println("filterDemo2....before");
chain.doFilter(request, response);
System.out.println("filterDemo2....after");
}
public void destroy() {
}
}
控制台的打印结果是:
filterDemo1....before
filterDemo2....before
filterDemo2....after
filterDemo1....after
过滤器的执行顺序是根据web.xml文件中的mapping的配置顺序执行的。
同时init的方法还可以使用filterConfig来获取配置文件中的信息。这里我就不演示了