MATLAB学习笔记：行列式及其应用

行列式的计算

det(A)

>> A=[7 -3 2 -3;11 -2 3 -4;-5 4 -6 3;3 -9 2 -5]; >> D=det(A) D = 138.0000

>> syms a b c d;
>> A=[a 2*b a+2*b;a a+3*c a+3*c;a a+4*d a+4*d];
>> D=det(A)
 
D =
 
4*a^2*d - 3*a^2*c

行列式的性质

 

>> A=round(10*randn(5)) A = 8 -6 -21 1 29 -9 5 -8 14 8 1 7 14 -20 14 -5 17 -11 -2 -11 3 -2 10 -12 -5 >> D=det(A) D = -576508

性质一：

>> A(:,[1 3])=A(:,[3 1])

A =

   -21    -6     8     1    29
    -8     5    -9    14     8
    14     7     1   -20    14
   -11    17    -5    -2   -11
    10    -2     3   -12    -5

>> D1=det(A)

D1 =

      576508

>> e1=D1/D

e1 =

    -1

D1=-D

性质二：

>>  A=round(10*randn(5))

A =

    -3    -4     0     0   -10
    11    -8   -13    -3   -12
    -3   -16    11   -18    -5
     7     5     4    -3   -20
   -21     3    -3    -8    10

>> D=det(A)

D =

    -1502014

>> A(:,1)=3*A(:,1)

A =

    -9    -4     0     0   -10
    33    -8   -13    -3   -12
    -9   -16    11   -18    -5
    21     5     4    -3   -20
   -63     3    -3    -8    10

>> D2=det(A)

D2 =

  -4.5060e+06

>> e2=D2/D

e2 =

    3.0000

D2=3*D


性质三：

>>  A=round(10*randn(5))

A =

     5    -1    -3     3   -13
     0    -7    -8   -13   -23
     0    14   -11    -9   -14
    -8    -2    25    -2     3
    10    -6    17     8     4

>> D=det(A)

D =

    -1114557

>> A(:,1)=A(:,1)+2*A(:,3);
>> D3=det(A);
>> e3=D3/D

e3 =

     1

D3=D

性质四：

>> A=round(10*randn(5))

A =

     2     5    -5   -12   -11
   -10     3    17    -2    16
     9    -9    -9    -3    12
     3    -2    -5    15    -2
     1    -1    -7    -2   -15

>> D=det(A);
>> A4=A';
>> D4=det(A4)

D4 =

   3.4155e+04

>> e4=D4/D

e4 =

    1.0000

randn('seed',1) A=round(10*randn(6)); D=det(A); c=0; for j=1:6 B=A; B(2,:)=[]; B(:,j)=[]; c=c+A(2,j)*(-1)^(2+j)*det(B); end e=D-c e = 0

行列式的应用

A=[2 1 -5 1;1 -3 0 -6;0 2 -1 2;1 4 -7 6];
b=[8 9 -5 0]';
for i=1:4
    B=A;
    B(:,i)=b;
    X(i)=det(B)/det(A);
end
X=X'
X =

    3.0000
   -4.0000
   -1.0000
    1.0000

>> A=[1 0 -2;1 2 4;7 1 0];
>> V=abs(det(A))

V =

    22

因此，平行六面体的体积为22.