OkHttp3实现Cookies持续化管理

COOKIE和SESSION 是什么？？？

1. 由于HTTP协议是无状态的协议，所以服务端需要记录用户的状态时，就需要用某种机制来识具体的用户，这个机制就是Session.典型的场景比如购物车，当你点击下单按钮时，由于HTTP协议无状态，所以并不知道是哪个用户操作的，所以服务端要为特定的用户创建了特定的Session，用用于标识这个用户，并且跟踪用户，这样才知道购物车里面有几本书。这个Session是保存在服务端的，有一个唯一标识。在服务端保存Session的方法很多，内存、数据库、文件都有。集群的时候也要考虑Session的转移，在大型的网站，一般会有专门的Session服务器集群，用来保存用户会话，这个时候 Session 信息都是放在内存的，使用一些缓存服务比如Memcached之类的来放 Session。
2. 思考一下服务端如何识别特定的客户？这个时候Cookie就登场了。每次HTTP请求的时候，客户端都会发送相应的Cookie信息到服务端。实际上大多数的应用都是用 Cookie 来实现Session跟踪的，第一次创建Session的时候，服务端会在HTTP协议中告诉客户端，需要在 Cookie 里面记录一个Session ID，以后每次请求把这个会话ID发送到服务器，我就知道你是谁了。有人问，如果客户端的浏览器禁用了 Cookie 怎么办？一般这种情况下，会使用一种叫做URL重写的技术来进行会话跟踪，即每次HTTP交互，URL后面都会被附加上一个诸如 sid=xxxxx 这样的参数，服务端据此来识别用户。
3. Cookie其实还可以用在一些方便用户的场景下，设想你某次登陆过一个网站，下次登录的时候不想再次输入账号了，怎么办？这个信息可以写到Cookie里面，访问网站的时候，网站页面的脚本可以读取这个信息，就自动帮你把用户名给填了，能够方便一下用户。这也是Cookie名称的由来，给用户的一点甜头。

所以，总结一下：
Session是在服务端保存的一个数据结构，用来跟踪用户的状态，这个数据可以保存在集群、数据库、文件中；
Cookie是客户端保存用户信息的一种机制，用来记录用户的一些信息，也是实现Session的一种方式。

COOKIE和SESSION有什么区别？

cookie保存在客户端，session保存在服务器端，
cookie目的可以跟踪会话，也可以保存用户喜好或者保存用户名密码
session用来跟踪会话

在OkHttp3中，对cookie而言，新增了两个类 Cookiejar 、 Cookie 两个类

Cookies持久化
直接上代码：
SerializableOkHttpCookies
主要做两件事：将Cookie对象输出为ObjectStream
将ObjectStream序列化成Cookie对象

public class SerializableOkHttpCookies implements Serializable {
    private transient final Cookie cookies;
    private transient Cookie clientCookies;

    public SerializableOkHttpCookies(Cookie cookies) {
        this.cookies = cookies;
    }

    public Cookie getCookies() {
        Cookie bestCookies = cookies;
        if (clientCookies != null) {
            bestCookies = clientCookies;
        }
        return bestCookies;
    }

    private void writeObject(ObjectOutputStream out) throws IOException {
        out.writeObject(cookies.name());
        out.writeObject(cookies.value());
        out.writeLong(cookies.expiresAt());
        out.writeObject(cookies.domain());
        out.writeObject(cookies.path());
        out.writeBoolean(cookies.secure());
        out.writeBoolean(cookies.httpOnly());
        out.writeBoolean(cookies.hostOnly());
        out.writeBoolean(cookies.persistent());
    }

    private void readObject(ObjectInputStream in) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
        String name = (String) in.readObject();
        String value = (String) in.readObject();
        long expiresAt = in.readLong();
        String domain = (String) in.readObject();
        String path = (String) in.readObject();
        boolean secure = in.readBoolean();
        boolean httpOnly = in.readBoolean();
        boolean hostOnly = in.readBoolean();
        boolean persistent = in.readBoolean();
        Cookie.Builder builder = new Cookie.Builder();
        builder = builder.name(name);
        builder = builder.value(value);
        builder = builder.expiresAt(expiresAt);
        builder = hostOnly ? builder.hostOnlyDomain(domain) : builder.domain(domain);
        builder = builder.path(path);
        builder = secure ? builder.secure() : builder;
        builder = httpOnly ? builder.httpOnly() : builder;
        clientCookies =builder.build();
    }
}

PersistentCookieStore
根据一定的规则去缓存或者获取Cookie
SharedPreferences 存储

public class PersistentCookieStore {
    private static final String LOG_TAG = "PersistentCookieStore";
    private static final String COOKIE_PREFS = "Cookies_Prefs";
    private final Map<String, ConcurrentHashMap<String, Cookie>> cookies;
    private final SharedPreferences cookiePrefs;

    public PersistentCookieStore(Context context) {
        cookiePrefs = context.getSharedPreferences(COOKIE_PREFS, 0);
        cookies = new HashMap<>();

        //将持久化的cookies缓存到内存中 即map cookies
        Map<String, ?> prefsMap = cookiePrefs.getAll();
        for (Map.Entry<String, ?> entry : prefsMap.entrySet()) {
            String[] cookieNames = TextUtils.split((String) entry.getValue(), ",");
            for (String name : cookieNames) {
                String encodedCookie = cookiePrefs.getString(name, null);
                if (encodedCookie != null) {
                    Cookie decodedCookie = decodeCookie(encodedCookie);
                    if (decodedCookie != null) {
                        if (!cookies.containsKey(entry.getKey())) {
                            cookies.put(entry.getKey(), new ConcurrentHashMap<String, Cookie>());
                        }
                        cookies.get(entry.getKey()).put(name, decodedCookie);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    protected String getCookieToken(Cookie cookie) {
        return cookie.name() + "@" + cookie.domain();
    }

    public void add(HttpUrl url, Cookie cookie) {
        String name = getCookieToken(cookie);

        //将cookies缓存到内存中 如果缓存过期 就重置此cookie
        if (!cookie.persistent()) {
            if (!cookies.containsKey(url.host())) {
                cookies.put(url.host(), new ConcurrentHashMap<String, Cookie>());
            }
            cookies.get(url.host()).put(name, cookie);
        } else {
            if (cookies.containsKey(url.host())) {
                cookies.get(url.host()).remove(name);
            }
        }

        //讲cookies持久化到本地
        SharedPreferences.Editor prefsWriter = cookiePrefs.edit();
        prefsWriter.putString(url.host(), TextUtils.join(",", cookies.get(url.host()).keySet()));
        prefsWriter.putString(name, encodeCookie(new SerializableOkHttpCookies(cookie)));
        prefsWriter.apply();
    }

    public List<Cookie> get(HttpUrl url) {
        ArrayList<Cookie> ret = new ArrayList<>();
        if (cookies.containsKey(url.host()))
            ret.addAll(cookies.get(url.host()).values());
        return ret;
    }

    public boolean removeAll() {
        SharedPreferences.Editor prefsWriter = cookiePrefs.edit();
        prefsWriter.clear();
        prefsWriter.apply();
        cookies.clear();
        return true;
    }

    public boolean remove(HttpUrl url, Cookie cookie) {
        String name = getCookieToken(cookie);

        if (cookies.containsKey(url.host()) && cookies.get(url.host()).containsKey(name)) {
            cookies.get(url.host()).remove(name);

            SharedPreferences.Editor prefsWriter = cookiePrefs.edit();
            if (cookiePrefs.contains(name)) {
                prefsWriter.remove(name);
            }
            prefsWriter.putString(url.host(), TextUtils.join(",", cookies.get(url.host()).keySet()));
            prefsWriter.apply();

            return true;
        } else {
            return false;
        }
    }

    public List<Cookie> getCookies() {
        ArrayList<Cookie> ret = new ArrayList<>();
        for (String key : cookies.keySet())
            ret.addAll(cookies.get(key).values());

        return ret;
    }

    /**
     * cookies 序列化成 string
     *
     * @param cookie 要序列化的cookie
     * @return 序列化之后的string
     */
    protected String encodeCookie(SerializableOkHttpCookies cookie) {
        if (cookie == null)
            return null;
        ByteArrayOutputStream os = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        try {
            ObjectOutputStream outputStream = new ObjectOutputStream(os);
            outputStream.writeObject(cookie);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            Log.d(LOG_TAG, "IOException in encodeCookie", e);
            return null;
        }

        return byteArrayToHexString(os.toByteArray());
    }

    /**
     * 将字符串反序列化成cookies
     *
     * @param cookieString cookies string
     * @return cookie object
     */
    protected Cookie decodeCookie(String cookieString) {
        byte[] bytes = hexStringToByteArray(cookieString);
        ByteArrayInputStream byteArrayInputStream = new ByteArrayInputStream(bytes);
        Cookie cookie = null;
        try {
            ObjectInputStream objectInputStream = new ObjectInputStream(byteArrayInputStream);
            cookie = ((SerializableOkHttpCookies) objectInputStream.readObject()).getCookies();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            Log.d(LOG_TAG, "IOException in decodeCookie", e);
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            Log.d(LOG_TAG, "ClassNotFoundException in decodeCookie", e);
        }

        return cookie;
    }

    /**
     * 二进制数组转十六进制字符串
     *
     * @param bytes byte array to be converted
     * @return string containing hex values
     */
    protected String byteArrayToHexString(byte[] bytes) {
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(bytes.length * 2);
        for (byte element : bytes) {
            int v = element & 0xff;
            if (v < 16) {
                sb.append('0');
            }
            sb.append(Integer.toHexString(v));
        }
        return sb.toString().toUpperCase(Locale.US);
    }

    /**
     * 十六进制字符串转二进制数组
     *
     * @param hexString string of hex-encoded values
     * @return decoded byte array
     */
    protected byte[] hexStringToByteArray(String hexString) {
        int len = hexString.length();
        byte[] data = new byte[len / 2];
        for (int i = 0; i < len; i += 2) {
            data[i / 2] = (byte) ((Character.digit(hexString.charAt(i), 16) << 4) + Character.digit(hexString.charAt(i + 1), 16));
        }
        return data;
    }
}

最终效果
完成对Cookie持久化之后，就可以对Cookiejar进行进一步修改了，最终效果：
/* 自动管理Cookies */

public class CookiesManager implements CookieJar {
    private final PersistentCookieStore cookieStore = new PersistentCookieStore(AppContextWrapper.getSingleton().getApp());

    @Override
    public void saveFromResponse(HttpUrl url, List<Cookie> cookies) {
        if (cookies != null && cookies.size() > 0) {
            for (Cookie item : cookies) {
                cookieStore.add(url, item);
            }
        }
    }

    @Override
    public List<Cookie> loadForRequest(HttpUrl url) {
        List<Cookie> cookies = cookieStore.get(url);
        return cookies;
    }
}

最后设置OkHttpClient
//持久化管理

 OkHttpClient.Builder builder = new OkHttpClient.Builder();
 builder.cookieJar(new CookiesManager());