Java中经常对service层和dao层进行单元测试,对dao层进行测试可以使用dbunit进行测试,对service可以使用easyMock和spring-test.jar进行测试
(1)dao层使用dbunit进行测试
①写一个关于Assert的类,这个类主要是用来使用junit进行实际与理想值的比较
import java.util.List;
import junit.framework.Assert;
public class EntitiesHelper {
private static User baseUser = new User(1,"admin1");
public static void assertUser(User expected,User actual) {
Assert.assertNotNull(expected);
Assert.assertEquals(expected.getId(), actual.getId());
Assert.assertEquals(expected.getUsername(), actual.getUsername());
}
public static void assertUsers(List<User> expected,List<User> actuals) {
for(int i=0;i<expected.size();i++) {
User eu = expected.get(i);
User au = actuals.get(i);
assertUser(eu, au);
}
}
public static void assertUser(User expected) {
assertUser(expected, baseUser);
}
}
②DBUtil这个类,主要是进行数据库的相关基本模拟操作
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
public class DbUtil {
public static Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
Connection con = null;
con = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/cms_test",
"root", "123465");
return con;
}
public static void close(Connection con) {
try {
if(con!=null) con.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public static void close(PreparedStatement ps) {
try {
if(ps!=null) ps.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public static void close(ResultSet rs) {
try {
if(rs!=null) rs.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
③AbstractDbUnitTestCase这个类就是DBunit这个工具的具体定义,内部通过上面(2)的DBUtil和下面(4)的xml文件模拟一个数据库的关系操作
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileWriter;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import junit.framework.Assert;
import org.dbunit.DatabaseUnitException;
import org.dbunit.database.DatabaseConnection;
import org.dbunit.database.IDatabaseConnection;
import org.dbunit.database.QueryDataSet;
import org.dbunit.dataset.DataSetException;
import org.dbunit.dataset.IDataSet;
import org.dbunit.dataset.xml.FlatXmlDataSet;
import org.dbunit.dataset.xml.FlatXmlProducer;
import org.dbunit.operation.DatabaseOperation;
import org.junit.AfterClass;
import org.junit.BeforeClass;
import org.xml.sax.InputSource;
public class AbstractDbUnitTestCase {
public static IDatabaseConnection dbunitCon;
private File tempFile;
@BeforeClass
public static void init() throws DatabaseUnitException, SQLException {
dbunitCon = new DatabaseConnection(DbUtil.getConnection());
}
protected IDataSet createDateSet(String tname) throws DataSetException {
InputStream is = AbstractDbUnitTestCase
.class
.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream(tname+".xml");
Assert.assertNotNull("dbunit的基本数据文件不存在",is);
return new FlatXmlDataSet(new FlatXmlProducer(new InputSource(is)));
}
protected void backupAllTable() throws SQLException, IOException, DataSetException {
IDataSet ds = dbunitCon.createDataSet();
writeBackupFile(ds);
}
private void writeBackupFile(IDataSet ds) throws IOException, DataSetException {
tempFile = File.createTempFile("back","xml");
FlatXmlDataSet.write(ds, new FileWriter(tempFile));
}
protected void backupCustomTable(String[] tname) throws DataSetException, IOException {
QueryDataSet ds = new QueryDataSet(dbunitCon);
for(String str:tname) {
ds.addTable(str);
}
writeBackupFile(ds);
}
protected void bakcupOneTable(String tname) throws DataSetException, IOException {
backupCustomTable(new String[]{tname});
}
protected void resumeTable() throws FileNotFoundException, DatabaseUnitException, SQLException {
IDataSet ds = new FlatXmlDataSet(new FlatXmlProducer(new InputSource(new FileInputStream(tempFile))));
DatabaseOperation.CLEAN_INSERT.execute(dbunitCon, ds);
}
@AfterClass
public static void destory() {
try {
if(dbunitCon!=null) dbunitCon.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
④xml配置文件,和数据库的字段是完全对应的,用来建立基本的本地数据库数据
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<dataset>
<t_user id="1" username="admin1"/>
<t_user id="2" username="admin2"/>
<t_user id="3" username="admin3"/>
<t_user id="4" username="admin4"/>
<t_user id="5" username="admin5"/>
<t_user id="6" username="admin6"/>
<t_user id="7" username="admin7"/>
<t_user id="8" username="admin8"/>
<t_user id="9" username="admin9"/>
<t_user id="10" username="admin10"/>
<t_user id="11" username="admin11"/>
<t_user id="12" username="admin12"/>
<t_user id="13" username="admin13"/>
<t_user id="14" username="admin14"/>
<t_user id="15" username="admin15"/>
<t_user id="16" username="admin16"/>
<t_user id="17" username="admin17"/>
<t_user id="18" username="admin18"/>
</dataset>
⑤测试java代码
import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import javax.inject.Inject;
import org.dbunit.DatabaseUnitException;
import org.dbunit.dataset.DataSetException;
import org.dbunit.dataset.IDataSet;
import org.dbunit.operation.DatabaseOperation;
import org.hibernate.ObjectNotFoundException;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.SessionHolder;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.TestExecutionListeners;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
import org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener;
import org.springframework.transaction.support.TransactionSynchronizationManager;
import com.github.springtestdbunit.DbUnitTestExecutionListener;
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration("/beans.xml")
@TestExecutionListeners({DbUnitTestExecutionListener.class,
DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.class})
public class TestUserDao extends AbstractDbUnitTestCase{
@Inject
private SessionFactory sessionFactory;
@Inject
private IUserDao userDao;
@Before
public void setUp() throws DataSetException, SQLException, IOException {
Session s = sessionFactory.openSession();
TransactionSynchronizationManager.bindResource(sessionFactory, new SessionHolder(s));
this.backupAllTable();
}
@Test
public void testLoad() throws DatabaseUnitException, SQLException {
IDataSet ds = createDateSet("t_user");
DatabaseOperation.CLEAN_INSERT.execute(dbunitCon,ds);
User u = userDao.load(1);
EntitiesHelper.assertUser(u);
}
@Test(expected=ObjectNotFoundException.class)
public void testDelete() throws DatabaseUnitException, SQLException {
IDataSet ds = createDateSet("t_user");
DatabaseOperation.CLEAN_INSERT.execute(dbunitCon,ds);
userDao.delete(1);
User tu = userDao.load(1);
System.out.println(tu.getUsername());
}
@Test
public void testListByArgs() throws DatabaseUnitException, SQLException {
IDataSet ds = createDateSet("t_user");
DatabaseOperation.CLEAN_INSERT.execute(dbunitCon,ds);
SystemContext.setOrder("desc");
SystemContext.setSort("id");
List<User> expected = userDao.list("from User where id>? and id<?", new Object[]{1,4});
List<User> actuals = Arrays.asList(new User(3,"admin3"),new User(2,"admin2"));
assertNotNull(expected);
assertTrue(expected.size()==2);
EntitiesHelper.assertUsers(expected, actuals);
}
@Test
public void testListByArgsAndAlias() throws DatabaseUnitException, SQLException {
IDataSet ds = createDateSet("t_user");
DatabaseOperation.CLEAN_INSERT.execute(dbunitCon,ds);
SystemContext.setOrder("asc");
SystemContext.setSort("id");
Map<String,Object> alias = new HashMap<String,Object>();
alias.put("ids", Arrays.asList(1,2,3,5,6,7,8,9,10));
List<User> expected = userDao.list("from User where id>? and id<? and id in(:ids)", new Object[]{1,5},alias);
List<User> actuals = Arrays.asList(new User(2,"admin2"),new User(3,"admin3"));
assertNotNull(expected);
assertTrue(expected.size()==2);
EntitiesHelper.assertUsers(expected, actuals);
}
}
(2)使用easymock对service进行测试
①增加easymock以及spring-test这两个用来测试的jar依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.10</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.easymock</groupId>
<artifactId>easymock</artifactId>
<version>3.1</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
②需要在/src/test/resources/下增加一个xml文件,为test-beans.xml,可以直接拷贝前面spring用到的beans.xml进行修改如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd">
<!-- 打开Spring的Annotation支持 -->
<context:annotation-config />
<bean id="userDao" class="org.easymock.EasyMock" factory-method="createStrictMock">
<constructor-arg value="org.lxp.cms.dao.IUserDao"/>
</bean>
<bean id="roleDao" class="org.easymock.EasyMock" factory-method="createStrictMock">
<constructor-arg value="org.lxp.cms.dao.IRoleDao"/>
</bean>
<bean id="groupDao" class="org.easymock.EasyMock" factory-method="createStrictMock">
<constructor-arg value="org.lxp.cms.dao.IGroupDao"/>
</bean>
<bean id="userService" class="org.lxp.cms.service.UserService">
<property name="userDao" ref="userDao"/>
<property name="groupDao" ref="groupDao"/>
<property name="roleDao" ref="roleDao"/>
</bean>
<bean id="groupService" class="org.lxp.cms.service.GroupService">
<property name="userDao" ref="userDao"/>
<property name="groupDao" ref="groupDao"/>
</bean>
<bean id="roleService" class="org.lxp.cms.service.RoleService">
<property name="userDao" ref="userDao"/>
<property name="roleDao" ref="roleDao"/>
</bean>
</beans>
③测试java代码实现
import static org.easymock.EasyMock.expect;
import static org.easymock.EasyMock.expectLastCall;
import static org.easymock.EasyMock.replay;
import static org.easymock.EasyMock.reset;
import static org.easymock.EasyMock.verify;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import javax.inject.Inject;
import org.easymock.EasyMock;
import org.junit.Assert;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration("/test-beans.xml")
public class TestUserService {
@Inject
private IUserService userService;
@Inject
private IRoleDao roleDao;
@Inject
private IUserDao userDao;
@Inject
private IGroupDao groupDao;
private User baseUser = new User(1,"admin1","123","admin1","admin1@","123",0);
@Test
public void testDelete() {
reset(userDao);
int uid = 2;
userDao.deleteUserGroups(uid);
expectLastCall();
userDao.deleteUserRoles(uid);
expectLastCall();
userDao.delete(uid);
expectLastCall();
replay(userDao);
userService.delete(uid);
verify(userDao);
}
@Test
public void testUpdateStatus() {
reset(userDao);
int uid = 2;
expect(userDao.load(uid)).andReturn(baseUser);
userDao.update(baseUser);
expectLastCall();
replay(userDao);
userService.updateStatus(uid);
Assert.assertEquals(baseUser.getStatus(), 1);
verify(userDao);
}
@Test(expected=CmsException.class)
public void testUpdateStatusNoUser() {
reset(userDao);
int uid = 2;
expect(userDao.load(uid)).andReturn(null);
userDao.update(baseUser);
expectLastCall();
replay(userDao);
userService.updateStatus(uid);
Assert.assertEquals(baseUser.getStatus(), 1);
verify(userDao);
}
@Test
public void testFindUser() {
reset(userDao);
expect(userDao.findUser()).andReturn(new Pager<User>());
replay(userDao);
userService.findUser();
verify(userDao);
}
}