OutputStream、InputStream、Writer、Reader学习笔记

最新推荐文章于 2022-08-17 16:18:22 发布

原创最新推荐文章于 2022-08-17 16:18:22 发布 · 2.4k 阅读

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本文详细介绍了 Java 中的 IO 流操作，包括字节流与字符流的基本概念、常用类库及其实现方法。通过具体代码示例展示了如何使用 FileOutputStream 和 FileInputStream 进行文件的读写，以及 BufferedWriter 和 BufferedReader 在字符流中的应用。

学习java.io类库

使用PD画了一张java.io的主要类库如下

主要的就是字节流与字符流

字节流以OutputStream、InputStream

字符流以Writer、Reader

字节流与字符流的桥梁为OutputStreamWriter、InputStreamReader

缓冲字符流的为BufferedWriter、BufferedReader

2015-9-27 修改

字符流与字节流从上层往下看的时候只要把顶层的几个接口相关的方法了解了其他的就比较简单了

字节输入流与字节输出流的测试

/**
 * 
 */
package com.undergrowth.io;

import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.PrintStream;
import java.util.Calendar;
import java.util.Locale;

import org.junit.Test;

/**
 * 输出流学习笔记
 * OutputStream(抽象类) 
 *    -->FileOutputStream
 *    -->ObjectOutputStream(在SerializableLearn中进行测试)
 *    -->ByteArrayOutputStream
 *  
 * 输入流学习笔记
 *  InputStream
 *  	-->FileInputStream
 *  	-->ObjectInputStream
 *  	-->ByteArrayInputStream  
 * @author Administrator
 *
 */
public class OutputInputStreamLearn {

	/**
	 * 
	 */
	public OutputInputStreamLearn() {
		// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
	}
	//输出路径
	String pathname="d:\\log\\";
	File filePath=new File(pathname);
	OutputStream osStream=null;
	ObjectOutputStream ooStream=null;
	InputStream isStream=null;
	ObjectInputStream oisStream=null;
	//测试输出的字符串
	String testOutString="测试输出的FileOutputStream字符串";
	byte[] b=new byte[testOutString.getBytes().length];
	
	
	/**
	 * 测试输出流数据
	 * 文件输出流-->用于将文件写入File或FileDescriptor的输出流
	 */
	@Test
	public void testFileOutputStream(){
		isFileExist(filePath);
		filePath=new File(filePath, getFileName());
		try {
			osStream=new FileOutputStream(filePath);
			osStream.write(testOutString.getBytes());
			osStream.flush();
		} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (IOException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}finally{
			closeOutStream(osStream);
		}
		
	}

	/**
	 * 测试文件输入流
	 */
	@Test
	public void testFileInputStream(){
		isFileExist(filePath);
		filePath=new File(filePath, getFileName());
		try {
			isStream=new FileInputStream(filePath);
			isStream.read(b);
			System.out.println(new String(b));
		} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (IOException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}finally{
			closeInStream(isStream);
		}
	}
	
	
	/**
	 * 测试对象输出流
	 */
	@Test
	public void testObjectOutputStream(){
		isFileExist(filePath);
		filePath=new File(filePath, getFileName());
		try {
			osStream=new FileOutputStream(filePath);
			ooStream=new ObjectOutputStream(osStream);
			ooStream.writeObject(testOutString);
			ooStream.flush();
			osStream.flush();
		} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (IOException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}finally{
			closeOutStream(ooStream);
			closeOutStream(osStream);
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * 测试对象输入流
	 */
	@Test
	public void testObjectInputStream(){
		isFileExist(filePath);
		filePath=new File(filePath, getFileName());
		try {
			isStream=new FileInputStream(filePath);
			oisStream=new ObjectInputStream(isStream);
			String resultString=(String) oisStream.readObject();
			System.out.println(resultString);
		} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (IOException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}finally{
			closeInStream(oisStream);
			closeInStream(isStream);
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * 关闭输出流
	 * @param osStream2
	 */
	private void closeOutStream(OutputStream osStream2) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		if(osStream2!=null){
			try {
				osStream2.close();
			} catch (IOException e) {
				// TODO Auto-generated catch block
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
	}

	/**
	 * 关闭输入流
	 * @param osStream2
	 */
	private void closeInStream(InputStream isStream) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		if(isStream!=null){
			try {
				isStream.close();
			} catch (IOException e) {
				// TODO Auto-generated catch block
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * 判断文件是否存在
	 * @param filePath2
	 */
	private void isFileExist(File filePath2) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		if(!filePath2.exists()) filePath2.mkdir();
	}

	/**
	 * 获取文件名
	 * @return
	 */
	private String getFileName() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		Calendar calendar=Calendar.getInstance(Locale.CHINA);
		String fileName=calendar.get(Calendar.YEAR)+"_"+(calendar.get(Calendar.MONTH)+1)+"_"+calendar.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH)+"_"+OutputInputStreamLearn.class.getSimpleName()+".txt";
		return fileName;
	}
	
	/**
	 * 测试字节数组输出流
	 * ByteArrayOutputStream-->将构建一个缓冲区，将数据写入字节数组
	 */
	@Test
	public void testByteArrayOutputStream(){
		int size=1000;
		ByteArrayOutputStream byteArrayOutputStream=new ByteArrayOutputStream(size);
		try {
			byteArrayOutputStream.write(testOutString.getBytes());
			System.out.println(new String(byteArrayOutputStream.toByteArray()));
			//使用平台默认的字符集将字节码转换为字符串
			System.out.println(byteArrayOutputStream.toString());
		} catch (IOException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}finally{
			closeOutStream(byteArrayOutputStream);
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * 打印各种数据值的表现形式
	 */
	@Test
	public void testPrintStream(){
		PrintStream psStream=new PrintStream(System.out);
		psStream.append('Q');
		psStream.println();
		psStream.print(true);
		psStream.println();
		try {
			psStream.write(testOutString.getBytes());
		} catch (IOException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
	
}

字符流的输入、输出

package com.undergrowth.io;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.BufferedWriter;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.FileWriter;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.io.Reader;
import java.io.Writer;
import java.util.Calendar;
import java.util.Locale;

import org.junit.Test;

/**
 * 字符流学习笔记
 * Writer-->字符流写
 * 		 -->BufferedWriter
 * 		 -->OutputStreamWriter
 * 		 	   -->FileWriter
 * 		 -->PrintWriter
 * 
 * Reader-->字符流读
 * 		 -->BufferedReader
 * 			 -->LineNumberReader
 * 		 -->InputStreamReader
 * 		    -->FileReader
 * 
 * @author Administrator
 *
 */
public class WriterReaderLearn {

	public WriterReaderLearn(){}
	
	/**
	 * 测试字符流写
	 * 使用BufferedWriter进行缓冲字符流
	 */
	@Test
	public void testWriter(){
		PrintWriter pwWriter=null;
		isFileExist(filePath);
		filePath=new File(filePath, getFileName());
		try {
		    pwWriter=new PrintWriter(new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter(filePath)));
			pwWriter.write(testOutString);
			pwWriter.flush();
		} catch (IOException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}finally{
			closeWriter(pwWriter);
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * 测试字符流读
	 * 使用BufferedReader进行缓冲字符流
	 */
	@Test
	public void testReader(){
		BufferedReader brReader=null;
		isFileExist(filePath);
		filePath=new File(filePath, getFileName());
		try {
			StringBuilder builder=new StringBuilder();
			String tmpString=null;
			brReader=new BufferedReader(new FileReader(filePath));
			while ((tmpString=brReader.readLine())!=null) {
				builder.append(tmpString);
			}
			System.out.println(builder.toString());
		} catch (IOException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}finally{
			closeReader(brReader);
		}
	}
	
	//输出路径
	String pathname="d:\\log\\";
	File filePath=new File(pathname);
	//测试输出的字符串
	String testOutString="测试输出的WriterReaderLearn字符串";
	
	/**
	 * 关闭读字符流
	 * @param reader
	 */
	private void closeReader(Reader reader){
		if(reader!=null){
			try {
				reader.close();
			} catch (IOException e) {
				// TODO Auto-generated catch block
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
	}
	
	
	/**
	 * 关闭写字符流
	 * @param writer
	 */
	private void closeWriter(Writer writer){
		if(writer!=null){
			try {
				writer.close();
			} catch (IOException e) {
				// TODO Auto-generated catch block
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * 判断文件是否存在
	 * @param filePath2
	 */
	private void isFileExist(File filePath2) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		if(!filePath2.exists()) filePath2.mkdir();
	}

	/**
	 * 获取文件名
	 * @return
	 */
	private String getFileName() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		Calendar calendar=Calendar.getInstance(Locale.CHINA);
		String fileName=calendar.get(Calendar.YEAR)+"_"+(calendar.get(Calendar.MONTH)+1)+"_"+calendar.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH)+"_"+WriterReaderLearn.class.getSimpleName()+".txt";
		return fileName;
	}
}