数据结构：位图法

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一、定义

       位图法就是bitmap的缩写。所谓bitmap，就是用每一位来存放某种状态，适用于大规模数据，但数据状态又不是很多的情况。通常是用来判断某个数据存不存在的。在STL中有一个bitset容器，其实就是位图法，引用bitset介绍：

A bitset is a special container class that is designed to store bits (elements with only two possible values: 0 or 1, true or false, ...).The class is very similar to a regular array, but optimizing for space allocation: each element occupies only one bit (which is eight times less than the smallest elemental type in C++: char).Each element (each bit) can be accessed individually: for example, for a given bitset named mybitset, the expression mybitset[3] accesses its fourth bit, just like a regular array accesses its elements.

二、数据结构