Linux mount代码分析

1.    数据结构

vfsmount

struct vfsmount {
                struct list_head mnt_hash;          // hash表
                struct vfsmount*mnt_parent;   /* fs we are mounted on */
                struct dentry*mnt_mountpoint;              /* dentry ofmountpoint */
                struct dentry *mnt_root;              /* root of the mounted tree */|
                struct super_block*mnt_sb;      /* pointer to superblock */
                struct list_headmnt_mounts;    /* list of children,anchored here */
                struct list_headmnt_child;         /* and going throughtheir mnt_child */
                int mnt_flags;
                /* 4 bytes hole on 64bitsarches */
                const char *mnt_devname;         /* Name of device e.g. /dev/dsk/hda1 */
                struct list_head mnt_list;
                struct list_headmnt_expire;      /* link in fs-specificexpiry list */
                struct list_headmnt_share;        /* circular list ofshared mounts */
                struct list_headmnt_slave_list;/* list of slave mounts */
                struct list_headmnt_slave;         /* slave list entry */
                struct vfsmount*mnt_master;  /* slave is onmaster->mnt_slave_list */
                struct mnt_namespace*mnt_ns;             /* containingnamespace */
                int mnt_id;                                         /*mount identifier */
                int mnt_group_id;                           /* peer groupidentifier */
                /*
                 * We put mnt_count & mnt_expiry_mark atthe end of struct vfsmount
                 * to let these frequently modified fields in aseparate cache line
                 * (so that reads of mnt_flags wont ping-pongon SMP machines)
                 */
                atomic_t mnt_count;
                int mnt_expiry_mark;                    /* true if marked for expiry*/
                int mnt_pinned;
                int mnt_ghosts;
                int mnt_writers;
};

namespace

struct mnt_namespace {
                atomic_t                              count;
                struct vfsmount *            root;
                struct list_head                list;
                wait_queue_head_t poll;
                int event;
};

2.    初始化

void __init mnt_init(void)
                init_rwsem(&namespace_sem);
                static struct kmem_cache *mnt_cache =
                                kmem_cache_create("mnt_cache",sizeof(struct vfsmount),
                                                0, SLAB_HWCACHE_ALIGN |SLAB_PANIC, NULL);
                static struct list_head * mount_hashtable= (struct list_head *)__get_free_page(GFP_ATOMIC);
                for (u = 0; u <HASH_SIZE; u++)
                                INIT_LIST_HEAD(&mount_hashtable[u]);
                // 下面这行是初始化sysfs，放在这里其实不太好，但由于初始化sysfs时用到了mount操作，而下面做其它文件系统mount时又用到sysfs，所以也只能放这里。
                sysfs_init();       
                fs_kobj =kobject_create_and_add("fs", NULL); //在sysfs中加上fs节点
                init_rootfs();
                init_mount_tree();

mnt_init最后调用了init_rootfs和init_mount_tree两个函数，下面分别来看一下。

2.1 init_rootfs

int __init init_rootfs(void)
                int err;
                err =bdi_init(&ramfs_backing_dev_info);
                // 注册rootfs文件系统
                        err =register_filesystem(&rootfs_fs_type);

rootfs_fs_type定义在fs/ramfs/inode.c。

static struct file_system_type rootfs_fs_type = {
                .name                   = "rootfs",
                .get_sb                 = rootfs_get_sb,
                .kill_sb                 =kill_litter_super,
};

2.2 init_mount_tree

static void __init init_mount_tree(void)

                // 得到rootfs的vfsmount结构，设置里面的超级块等信息，见下文

                structvfsmount *mnt =do_kern_mount("rootfs",0, "rootfs", NULL);

                // 根据mnt新建一个mnt_namespace，见下文

                structmnt_namespace *ns =create_mnt_ns(mnt);

                init_task.nsproxy->mnt_ns= ns;

                get_mnt_ns(ns);

                root.mnt= ns->root;

                root.dentry= ns->root->mnt_root;

                // 由于调init_mount_tree时init进程还没启动，下面的current宏由最开始时设置的栈指针决定，应该就是init_task的taskstruct结构体。

                set_fs_pwd(current->fs,&root);

                set_fs_root(current->fs,&root);

 

do_kern_mount的作用是分配一个vfsmount，同时里面初始化了super block。

struct vfsmount * do_kern_mount(const char *fstype, intflags, const char *name, void *data)

                structfile_system_type *type = get_fs_type(fstype);

                structvfsmount *mnt;

                mnt =vfs_kern_mount(type, flags, name, data);

                put_filesystem(type);

                returnmnt;

struct vfsmount * vfs_kern_mount(struct file_system_type*type, int flags, const char *name, void *data)

                structvfsmount * mnt = alloc_vfsmnt(name);

                type->get_sb(type,flags, name, data, mnt);

                //mnt_mountpoint设置为mnt_root，即挂载点为自己

                mnt->mnt_mountpoint= mnt->mnt_root;

                // mnt_parent设成自己

                mnt->mnt_parent= mnt;

struct mnt_namespace *create_mnt_ns(struct vfsmount *mnt)

                structmnt_namespace *new_ns = alloc_mnt_ns();

                mnt->mnt_ns= new_ns;

                new_ns->root= mnt;

                list_add(&new_ns->list,&new_ns->root->mnt_list);

3.    文件系统加载

mount操作包括remount,move_mount, mount块设备，mountloop设备等，都由内核函数do_mount完成。本质上，mount操作的过程就是新建一个vfsmount结构，然后将此结构和挂载点关联。关联之后，目录查找时就能沿着vfsmount挂载点一级级向下查找文件了。

关于如何经过vfsmount查找文件，可以看函数kern_path。kern_path的作用为根据路径得到dentry和inode结构，里面会调用到path_walk，最终调用__follow_mount。

 

下面看一下mount块设备的实现。
long do_mount(char *dev_name, char *dir_name, char *type_page,
                                unsignedlong flags, void *data_page)

                struct path path;

                // 得到挂载点的vfsmount和dentry结构，保存在structpath中。

                kern_path(dir_name,LOOKUP_FOLLOW, &path);

                。。。

                // 对块设备，调用到do_new_mount

                do_new_mount(&path, type_page, flags,mnt_flags, dev_name, data_page);

 

static int do_new_mount(struct path *path, char *type, int flags, int mnt_flags, char*name, void *data)

                struct vfsmount * mnt =do_kern_mount(type, flags, name, data);

                do_add_mount(mnt, path,mnt_flags, NULL);

 

int do_add_mount(struct vfsmount *newmnt, struct path *path, int mnt_flags, structlist_head *fslist)

    // 找到该目录的当前挂载点的vfsmount和dentry结构

    while (d_mountpoint(path->dentry)&& follow_down(path))             ;

                // graft_tree主要作用是将新的vfsmount加到mounttree。

                graft_tree (newmnt, path);

 

loopmount与mount块设备类似，根据被加载设备的superblock、dentry结构新建一个vfsmount结构，将该vfsmount挂到mounttree上。